The Unusual Secret of Intersting Essay Topics

The Unusual Secret of Intersting Essay Topics How to Get Started with Intersting Essay Topics? The other aspects might include the cost involved with the course we wish to pursue, the demand of such professionals on the market, the packages being available in the field we would like to enter and the growth prospects in the area. Many times, your educational qualification might not be sufficient to find the occupation of your pick. The topic you select should draw the reader's attention, along with merit points for you to receive a high grade for your writing skills. Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you need to accomplish in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. You might believe that interesting essay titles do all of the work, permitting you to add obvious examples and share ordinary ideas. Even if you're extended a precise subject, you still have some freedom since the identical p roblem can be analyzed in a range of various ways. To put it differently, you can use distinctive approaches to problem solving. Things You Won't Like About Intersting Essay Topics and Things You Will At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by somebody's essay or article, take a better look at it. Like the death penalty, the thought of marijuana legality was debated and discussed for several years. Seek advice from your teacher if you happen to have any questions about this issue you have selected. Does a great lawyer has an effect on the results of a murder trial in the united states. Conclusion selecting a career can be a difficult job. Aspects to Consider While Choosing a Career There are a number of factors which you must consider whilst picking a career. Picking a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Selecting an essay topic is extremely important, and you may write the correct things about boring facts and events. Or t he paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. So, both students of medical care programs and students of any other specialty may have a task to compose an essay on health topic. Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the present rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. All About Intersting Essay Topics You need to provide your readers enough information in order that they fully realize what you're writing about. Deciding on a persuasive topic is a genuine art. Studying media can be quite intriguing and fascinating, although the science of media changes every time whenever the new media source is introduced. Have a look at unique sources and points of view to be sure that you're getting the complete picture, and should you know any experts on this issue, don't forget to ask their opinion too. Don't neglect to b ring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to earn the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your selection. Your essay topic sentence should give readers an extremely clear idea about what it will concentrate on. Narrative essays don't have such arguments. Persuasive essays are an excellent approach to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. Keep on reading to discover ideas for a few of the most common global small business research topic tips that you can use and make your very own, distinctive and productive research paper. Thus, you must have a research field (area), tools you will use for researching, research strategies, and obviously, you need to come to certain outcomes. For you to compose a superb and intriguing small business research paper, your choice of topic has to be in your field of interest. To choose which subject you're likely to discu ss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Essays have turned into an essential part of formal education. Textbooks are obsolete and must be replaced by iPads. Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. Students are accustomed to the fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. What's Really Happening with Intersting Essay Topics As a college student, you're predicted to write premium quality essays. Very often it becomes tough to choose 1 topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. New Questions About Intersting Essay Topics Whatever the case, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is very close to you and that you get a genuine interest in, instead of just picking a random topic. If you can select the matter all on your own, it's possible to produce the issue of interest! A research topic has to be actual and updated. The most significant thing, nevertheless, is to decide on a cool or intriguing topic for the management paper. Definitions of Intersting Essay Topics Your task here is to seek out a subject or issue that could be researched, meaning it isn't too broad or too narrow. Whether you opt to learn more about the area of enterprise, that of trade, or commerce there are a good deal of different subject matters that will demand extensive research for your benefit. You must evaluate your abilities and interest, study the sector, and consult a seasoned person prior to making the last decision. You may discover that a lot of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. Of course, when you were given a very clear endeavor to write on a certain topic you won't need to wreck your brains searching for something exciting and crucial to dwell on. Speaking about something you understand well makes it a lot easier and enjoyable! It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to another person. Selecting the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech may be not such an easy issue to do as it might seem. You pick the topic, write a great essay, submit it and fail to acquire the maximum grade. Select an intriguing essay topic, and you are going to begin enjoying it. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your region of study. Anything and everything may be an essay topic. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Still, figuring out the ideal topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to pick a great topic for their assignment. The Secret to Intersting Essay Topics Always think deeply about the way to create an excellent essay structure it's a significant part academic writing. The standard of your topic will decide on the grading of the paper. As it's such a huge subject, you are going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle.

Capital Punishment and Societys Views Essay - 849 Words

Capital Punishment and Societys Views â€Å"The question with which we must deal with is not whether a substantial proportion of American citizens would today, if polled, opine that capital punishment is barbarously cruel, but whether they would find it to be so in light of all information presently available.† -U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall According to the American Society of Criminology, each year there are about 250 people added to death row and 35 executed in the United States. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment enforced in the United Sates today. Once a jury has been convicted of a criminal offense, they go to the second part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death†¦show more content†¦Although Mencken has some good points in his arguments, he has no facts to back anything up. In many essays, diction helps determine the quality of a piece. However, in this case, the big, â€Å"fancy† words make it harder to follow. Mencken sounds condescending, as if to say the reader isn’t on the same level as he is. Quindlan’s essay uses much more straightforward and understandable words and keeps the reader interested with clear points. In Anna Quindlan’s essay, she speaks of having a conflict between her rational feelings, and her â€Å"gut instinct†. One example of this is when she states that she, in theory, does not think that people should be put to death. However, she later mentions her opinion would change if faced with being the parent of a child clubbed to death, â€Å"I would with the greatest pleasure kill him myself†. Quindlan uses emotional appeal when she talks about young Adam Walsh, a boy who was kidnapped from a shopping center in Florida. His severed head was later discovered in a Florida canal. She states that, there couldn’t be an adequate punishment for such a despicable crime because, despite the victim’s family’s deepest wishes, our justice system would never allow criminals to suffer the same way their victims did. Mencken makes aShow MoreRelatedjajsa1351 Words   |  6 PagesChardon ENG 101 13 April 2014 Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Capital Punishment: Society’s Self Defense† Capital punishment is not a topic for the faint of heart. Whether or not society should accept capital punishment is a seriously difficult discussion to have. No two people have the same amount opinions on capital punishment and that is why it can be a very hard task to convince people one way or the other. Amber Young’s â€Å"Capital Punishment: Society’s Self Defense† argument is a powerful one that mostRead MoreThe Argument Of Cruel And Unusual Punishment1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe 8th amendment of the United States Constitution states that â€Å"excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† Specifically, the idea of cruel and unusual punishment has been a topic of dispute since its inception. Although the United States practiced execution as a punishment beforehand, â€Å"the Supreme Court did not address the death penalty issue until 1972.† It is often debated how we are t o define cruel and unusual because ofRead More The Banning of Capital Punishment Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Banning of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is a brutal, antiquated concept that must be abolished in the name of civilized society. A humane culture cannot abide the organized extermination of human beings in the name of justice. In the United States, dozens of people are put to death every year like stray animals, only perhaps in less humane ways. The methods of capital punishment vary greatly, but none are publicly accepted as humane. Societys support for the death penalty isRead MoreShould It Be Abolished Or Not?1396 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Furman guilty of all charges and is to be sentenced to capital punishment. However, what is capital punishment? The definition from dictionary.com states: The practice or legal sanction of allowing the imposition of the penalty of death for people convicted of committing certain crimes. There are five lawful means of sentencing which are electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. Capital punishment is a delicate topic amongst the pe ople but there are certain aspectsRead MoreThe Arguments Surrounding Capital Punishment907 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Retribution The arguments surrounding capital punishment have focused primarily on its ability to provide general deterrence. Instead of focusing on a purely utilitarian aspect of capital punishment, it may be useful to analyze the death penalty through a morality perspective. The idea of retribution often carries a negative connotation because of its equivocation with the concept of revenge. While they may externally seem similar, they are far from analogous when analyzing the underlyingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Throughout History1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout history. It begins with a brief explanation of the origins of capital punishment, referencing the first known documentation of actions punishable by death. The paper goes on to explore different methods of execution and how they have progressed and changed over the years. Documented cases at different points of history are referenced to show the relationship of time periods and beliefs to the implementation of capital punishment. Finally, the development of different laws and changes to existingRead More Capital Punishment Is A Deterrent To Crime Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment has ended the lives of criminals for centuries. People have debated whether the government should have the power to decide one person’s life. On one side, people think the government does not have the right to play God as well as believe that the death penalty is simply unethical. Forty-eight percent of a half sample survey stated that life imprisonment was a better punishment for murder while forty-seven percent stated that capital punishment was a better punishment (Newport)Read MoreCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment and the Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attentionRead MoreThe Murder Of Ted Bundy1005 Words   |  5 Pagesexecution. These individuals all have a few things in common; they are all serial killers. They all killed with reckless abandon. They were all found guilty of capital murder and, in two of the three cases listed above; the executions have already been carried out. It is not difficult to maintain the position of being in favor of capital punishment when I look at the pain and suffering caused when someone’s loved one is murdered. I truly believe that the death penalty is justifiable and we as a societyRead MoreDeterrence Is The Primary Source When Defining Criminal Law1549 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal law. According to dictionary.com deterrence â€Å"is a law that was passed that includes the breakdown of punishments and uses then as fear tactics; to disappoint individual criminal defendants from becoming reappearance offenders and to discourage others in society from engaging in similar criminal activity.’ (Dictionary 1). Deterrence work in two ways; large population and the punishment of wrongdoers. Deterrence is aimed at the individual; once the law has been violated, and the significance

Positive Accounting Theory and Science

Question: Discuss about the Positive Accounting Theory and Science. Answer: Introduction Every scientific research project in order to be successful requires the series of steps to be undergone. This series of steps depends upon the nature and the type of the research being undertaken. If the research is related to the topic which is more prevalent then the researcher will have enough material to conduct the research in the best manner but in case the topic of the research is not so prevalent and is new and is not very common to known to everyone then the researcher have to obtain number of documents and conduct number of experiments through which the researcher can reach the conclusion (Christensen,2016). In this report, the topic that the researcher has chosen is the positive accounting research. Though the positive accounting theory is known to everyone but treating the same as positive accounting research has created the wave among almost most of the economist and the accountants. The main argument of the author is that the positive accounting research is a part of t he wider scientific project in the sense that it will help in understanding the cause and effect relationship of the behavior that may changes in the organization. Thats why the topic of the report has been chosen as the Positive Accounting Research being the part of the wider scientific project. This report will start from the introduction detailing main argument which has been followed throughout the study. Then the summary of the whole research paper has been mentioned including the arguments and the contribution if any made by the study. Thirdly, the major issue for which the research has been undertaken has been defined. In this the review has been detailed of the value that the article has given to its users. Fourthly, the research structure has been detailed and how the same has helped the researcher to go to the research element. Fifthly, the importance of the research paper and its significance has been detailed with reference to the authors acknowledgement as different way s and in different manner. The study has then been concluded with the remarks as per the analysis and interpretation so made from the research paper. With these considerations, this review has been conducted and prepared. The positive accounting research has been emphasized through the whole of the study. The author has tried to bridge the gap between the research and theory relating to the positive accounting and has kept the positive accounting research over the positive accounting theory. The positive accounting research program is in itself is the wider topic and which the author has seemed it as the wider scientific project. In order to establish that the positive accounting research is the wider scientific project, the author has gone through the number of stories and has assumed that the human behavior is rational. He has not only referred through the number of theories but also has taken up the statistical measures to check whether the research problem has received the positive results or negative results (Hauschild and Reimsbach , 2015). Thus, in this way the author has focused on the main argument of the study. Further in the study he has argues that the positive accounting theory takes into account only the financial matters to analyze and interpret the behavior of the individuals but in the research paper he has very well explained that apart from the financial matters, the non financial perspectives on behalf of the individual should be analyzed and included in the study to formulate the better opinion and he has done the same in his paper. The study so made by author has given very wide contribution to the large and complex organizations in understanding the behavior pattern of the employees of the organization and what are the factors which led them to perform their functions in relations to the accounts in a particular way. And to further support this, the author has used the example of relationship as auditor and auditee and has conducted the statistical tests to know whether the program will be able to understand the cause and effect relationship of the individual. Thus, to summarize the paper, the research has contributed towards the finance and accounting are a. Value of Question of Research Every research has its own question and in order to resolve that the researcher performs the research conducts various experiments and interpret the results to the community affected thereby. As the topic of the research suggest, the question of research is more inclined on the term positive accounting research rather than the positive accounting theory (Kabir, 2011). The first and foremost question of the research is that the positive accounting research is the part of the huge scientific project. The said question has been construed by the author. He further argued that it is the science which can explain the reasons for happening or non happening of the certain event. Similarly in order to have the understanding of the fact that how the behavior of the individuals so employed and paid in the organization affects the preparation and finalization of the financial statements, the positive accounting theory have to be first construed as the bigger and huge scientific project for which the detailed study has to be made and that too with the help of lots of theories and the lots of the explanations. Thereafter, the author has second question which has led to the research. It says that while understanding the behavior of the individuals employed and paid in the organization, for performing the functions of the finance and help the company to prepare the financial statements, not only the financial matters to be considered but also the non financial and others matters should be considered to analyze and interpret the human behavior in the letter and spirit and that too with the proper and due reasons for happening or non happening in the setting of accounts or financials of the organizations. These are mainly for the people who operate the large and complex organizations. The third question of research is that the author has is whether the positive accounting research if undertaken as the wider scientific project has the capabilities of being the good scientific pro ject and he has argued and followed all the three questions of research throughout the study and at the end has very well mentioned that the positive accounting research project has not been the successful for not having the requirements as listed in the last section of the research paper. In this way, the research question has gained the value throughout the study and the author has maintained the rhythm and sequence of continuing the same. Structure of the Research Every research whether scientific or not shall follow the proper structure and it shall be in the chronological with the proper sequence otherwise it will not make the reader irritated but also the researcher as to how everything is going and will end up with the closing of research. The author has started developing the plan out after mentioning that the positive accounting research is the wider scientific project which will help not only in clearly understanding the behavior of the organization but also in understanding the reasons for happening or non happening of the same (Ghanbari, 2016). Thereafter, the author has started from the scientific hypothesis of imaginary world which is outside the control of anyone and states that: World of particular or different community exists Events that may happen in this world has so happened only because of the World only Any common man can infer the observations of the event so happened in the world and The main utilization of these observations is to have an understanding of the cause and effect relationship of each and every event so occurred. He has not stopped with this theory, now has argued with the old theory of group of people known as sophists which claims that: In this world nothing exists In case something do in place then no one can say he has knowledge of it In case he says that he does not have any knowledge of it then he will end up without communicating the same to other community in the world (Williams, 2012). He argued that both the theories have different ways of explanation and have different meanings. In order to have further understanding he argued that if such theory exists then the author would not be able to reach the conclusion. He has then mentioned the philosophies of old people stating that some people even refrain from seeing the telescope developed by the Galileo because of the fact that along with the good things the bad things can also be seen. Continuing with the same he has then totally changed the framework from old theories to the examples given by other premier authors. One of the main citations is of Watts and Zimmerman who states that the positive accounting research will be broader in its view and concept than the concept of positive accounting theory. At the end he claims that anything which describes the cause and effect relationship of anything can easily be defined as the scientific research. Research Significance The author has although used many theories, old or new, and many understandings but have mentioned the limitations too in the paper. He at the first stated that positive accounting research cannot be treated as scientific project. This statement has been drawn by the author on the basis of different facts and figures at different point of discussions. At first when he has stated the different theories of old scientific imaginations and that of the sophists he stated that if the research will conducted through this way then in no way the he would be able to perform and complete the research in an efficient and the effective manner. Further when was explaining the different examples given by the various authors including Watts and Zimmerman, he has stated that if some extra procedures would have been taken by the author then the research would have been completed in the different manner and would have given the better results to the users of the same mainly large and complex organizati ons. Third acknowledgement that the author has made in the paper at the time of describing the Kuhn Model (Trang and Thao, 2016). After describing the Kuhn model he has stated that the same cannot be fit in the scientific model and thus has served no purpose in the completion of the research. Last limitation that has duly acknowledged by the author and has been considered by him as relevant as it has hampered his study in all the ways. After describing the Popper criteria of hypothesis, he has stated that the theory which itself cannot be disproved can never be considered as the theories. After this statement, he has stated that although the study has been able to contribute to the field but has ended up with irrelevant conclusion because of the development of an ineffective research program. This has further led the author to mention the factors which shall be considered while developing any effective research program. Thus, in this way the limitations have been mentioned in the pa per. Apart from the above, the study has received the significance from across the world specially from the complex organizations who are now considering the same as the part of the internal control system as the organizations will be able to know how the employees of the company are working in regard to the account settings. Conclusion Positive Accounting theory has been considered as narrow and short concept in front of the positive accounting research project. The positive accounting research has been regarded as the best way to analyze and interpret the behavior of the organization to analyze why such kind of behavior has happened and why such behavior has caused the various effects in the account settings. The same fact has been analyzed and interpreted throughout the study so that the organizations will be able to understand the cause and effect relationship. Various theories have been mentioned along with the statistical methods for testing the viability of the project. To conclude, the study was detailed and has helped many organizations to develop sound internal control system. References Christensen, H.B, (2016). Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspectiveJournal of Accounting Research,54, 399-424. Kabir H, (2011), Positive Accounting Theory and Science, available at https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjsj8vtt63TAhXFto8KHdnUA-oQFggsMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcentrumwebs.pucp.edu.pe%2Fjcc%2Fdownload%2FfkAdf7sgitL2hEhNjN6NG6IR8_zLpDiuY-manPR1sDI%252Cusg=AFQjCNEUgpMfpj30pYQTWaUdvsNuJsqoQw accessed on 18-04-2017. Ghanbari, M., (2016), PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science available at https://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/r_2849_160224091446.pdf accessed on 14/04/2017.. Hauschild B and Reimsbach D, (2015), Testing vs Building accounting theory with Experimental Research: Insights from management research, Journal of Behavioral Accounting and Finance, Vol.1, 83-89 Trang T and Thao P, (2016), Positive Accounting An effective trend for Vietnamese Accounting in the New Area, available at https://www.rusnauka.com/29_PMN_2015/Economics/7_198718.doc.htm accessed on 17/04/2017. Williams P, (2012), The Logic of Positive Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting Organizations and Society, Vol. 14, 5-9

Sujata Bhatt Biography Essay Essay Example

Sujata Bhatt Biography Essay Paper Sujata Bhatt ( B. 1956 ) grew up in Pune but emigrated with her household to the United States in 1968. She studied in the States having an Master of fine arts from the University of Iowa and went on to be writer-in-residence at the University of Victoria. Canada. More late she was sing chap at Dickinson College. Pennsylvania. She presently lives with her hubby and girl in Bremen. Germany. Her first aggregation. Brunizem. won the Commonwealth Poetry Prize ( Asia ) and the Alice Hunt Bartlett Award. Subsequent aggregations have been awarded a Poetry Book Society Recommendation and in 1991 she received a Cholmondeley Award. For Bhatt. linguistic communication is synonymous with the lingua. the physical act of speech production. She has described Gujarati and the Indian childhood it connects her to as â€Å"the deepest bed of my identity† . However. English has become the linguistic communication she speaks every twenty-four hours and which she. mostly. chooses to compose in. The reverberations of this divided heritage are explored in her work. most explicitly in ‘Search for My Tongue’ which alternates between the two linguistic communications. The complex position of English – its beauties and colonial deductions – are besides conveyed in the traveling sarcasms of ‘A Different History’ and ‘Nanabhai Bhatt in Prison’ about her gramps who read Tennyson to soothe himself during his captivity by the British governments. Such division finds geographical look in verse forms which explore thoughts of place ( ‘The One Who Goes Away’ ) and question our mental function of the universe ( ‘How Far East is it Still East? ’ ) . It’s present excessively in her voice. with its musical melding of Indian and American inflexions. We will write a custom essay sample on Sujata Bhatt Biography Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sujata Bhatt Biography Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sujata Bhatt Biography Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However. it’s in the non-verbal universe of animate beings and workss that Bhatt finds a beginning of integrity denied to worlds except for the really immature. as in her verse form ‘The Stare’ in which the ‘monkey child’ and the ‘human child’ experience a minute of stamp connexion. Possibly it is this yearning for integrity which makes Bhatt’s composing so animal ; her verse forms are rich with the odor of Allium sativum. the touch of organic structures. the vivacious feather of parrots. An intense colourist like the adult females creative persons who inspire some of these verse forms. Bhatt acknowledges that linguistic communication splits us from experience but through the physical strength of her authorship brings us closer to it so that â€Å"the word/is the thing itself† . Her recording was made for The Poetry Archive on 1 September 2005 at The Audio Workshop. London and was produced by Richard Carrington.

The Duality of Human NAture essays

The Duality of Human NAture essays Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, left us a very important heritage giving knowledge and understanding of the ancient Greek way of thinking that can be applied to modern world. One of the most memorable words of wisdom, Bad men live that they may eat and drink, whereas good men eat and drink that they may live, shows the duality of human nature. This saying is a depiction of how people can be divided into two categories by interpretation of their views on life. In the first part of the quote what Socrates means by bad men is that those men have as their only goal in life to prosper materiality; therefore they only live to accumulate wealth. These people are greedy and ignorant, being blind to anything else related to the enrichment of human existence, such as compassion, self-sacrifice, feelings of love and friendship. They are not willing to better their minds and souls, but living just for the moment, never thinking of the implication their actions might have in the future. Their lives do not consist of tomorrow, but only today. These men wonder aimlessly through the days, taking for granted the full spectrum of opportunities such as exploring the world of knowledge and improving their minds and souls by learning and sharing that knowledge with others. Socrates value system was critically built not just on doing good but on a commitment to a hierarchy of good. According to Socrates the purpose of living is not taking something from society, but the opposite. John F. Kennedy says Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. Great words of wisdom, coming from two different great leaders, even though many centuries separate them they try to deliver the same message. That is what Socrates says in the second part of the quote; the essence of, he thinks, being alive really means. In his eyes, good men ...

How To Write Blog Post Introductions That Hook Readers

How To Write Blog Post Introductions That Hook Readers There are eight  other people reading this post along with us. In just a few minutes, there will only be the two of us. Dont believe it? The challenge was already insurmountable.  People read about 18% of your blog post. Readers are overwhelmed with information and are  purposefully not reading  for their own sanity.  Heck, weve been bemoaning the death of reading since 1991, and even again in 2007. So what to do about getting readers to read? How do you keep people reading to the end? Master The Art Of Blog Post Introductions And Keep Your Readers Reading via @JulieNeidlinger A  Blog Post  Introduction Must Have A Hook Let me introduce you to introductions.  Introductions are first impressions.  You get to make them once. Your blog post introduction must have a hook. Here are six good hooks to use in your blog post introductions. 1. Start with an interesting fact. "Niagara Falls has traveled  7 miles upstream in the past 12,000 years. Let's hope you're growing your web traffic at a faster rate." Start with a fact that is interesting, because not all facts are. Facts that are uninteresting are facts that: Are overused and often repeated. Too common in your niche. Related perfectly to your topic in an unsurprising way. Pick facts that have nothing obviously to do with your topic (Niagara Falls and website traffic?), or are perfectly in line with your topic and thesis, but are so shocking as to be gasp-worthy.  Unrelated facts make the reader think "how is this bozo going to tie that into the topic at hand?" while shocking facts make the reader think "that CANNOT be true, can it?!" Either way, it's a hook. 2. The end of the story first. There are two ways to tell the end of the story first and have a successful hook. Find a way to tell the end of the story without giving away the surprise. "The 20,000 customer registered in our system, and the team let out a victorious yell. We'd hit our goal, thanks to the red button." How does the story end? Because that's a perfect place to start. In this example, the introduction tells the reader what happened, but it doesn't do so in a way that ruins the surprise. There's a lot of action, both by the final customer and the team. There's the suggestion of a competition and success (a goal was met). And there's a cryptic suggestion that a red button did something amazing. Plus, 20,000. That's impressive for anyone wanting lots of customers. This would be a less effective version of the introduction for that post: "After five months of intense A/B testing in which we tested different CTA button colors, we finally hit 20,000 customers. Red was the winning color." Yawn. There is jargon. There are unexplained acronyms. An inanimate button has become the winner instead of the people (customers and the team). What little action there is, is passive.  And you spilled the beans on what the post was about: A/B testing colors. Give a heads-up summation without giving away the surprise. This method gives your reader some respect by saying "hey, this is what I'm going to talk about with you today. If this is interesting, stick around."  Derek Halpern tends to get right to the point with his blog posts, and often introduces them by telling readers what they can expect if they keep reading. Adding "a quick request" is a fine bit of intrigue for the reader. "What in the world could Halpern want from me?" the reader thinks, and keeps on reading. Knowing what's coming and how things will end is helpful for readers. It gives them an idea of whether or not they should take the time and what expectations to have. The danger for you, the writer, is if you have an unexciting topic and give your readers a heads-up  to that. "Today I am going to talk about the value proposition of going paperless at your office, and ultimately prove that you will want to buy a small scanner and ban the paper." Meh. That's not an introduction to remember for all eternity. Halpern's version has a bit more intrigue and zip, though, admittedly, some readers will appreciate the above example. It has its place, but isn't the greatest hook. 3. Use an anecdote. "I once wrote a newspaper story that killed a man." That's the actual blog post introduction I wrote on a post for this blog. It's a one-sentence anecdote. That's an extremely short anecdote; most anecdotes are longer, like those you find in this post about social proof in which several anecdotes are used. Anecdotes are wee bitty stories that put a larger idea or thesis in a different context. Speakers know that starting with a story instead of a philosophical or fact-filled lecture is a sure-fire way to get people's attention. It's the same for your readers. What makes a good anecdote? Something that happened to you, in your life. This makes you the expert on how to apply the story and what it means. I would rather hear an anecdote about your trials and failures rather than the tired anecdote of how many times Edison tried to invent the lightbulb. Something either funny or poignant. Make 'em laugh or make 'em cry (or somewhere close). At the very least, end at a different level than where you started. You start at ground zero with your reader. Your anecdote can't end there. It's no hook if it does. Something related to your thesis. Don't be that speaker that tells a random joke or story and then segues with an "but I digress" and launches into Yawnville. Your anecdote should illustrate your thesis in a new way, or start leading the reader's thought patterns towards where you want to take them with your thesis. A quote can work. Quotations can work, and sometimes make a fine opening. But people quickly get in the habit of using the words of others to boost their own, so watch out for overuse of this technique. And avoid quotations that are overused for your niche. Steve Jobs had some good things to say,  but after a while, those excellent words lose their power because they are overused. Find new quotations from surprising sources. And avoid quotations that are overused for your niche. Steve Jobs had some good things to say, but after a while, those excellent words lose their power because they are overused. – @JulieNeidlinger 4. Ask a (worthwhile) question. Yes, there are stupid questions, and a good share  of them are rhetorical. In their best use, asking a question is a fine way to force the reader to identify with the problem you are about to solve. Questions can be powerful. But some questions are a waste of time. Go easy with  rhetorical questions.   "What are we going to do about your low-performing blog?" Rhetorical questions cannot be answered by the reader. They are asked not to prompt thinking or discover knowledge, but to make a point. They are often dramatic. They can be insulting. "Have you stopped beating your dog yet?" is a classic example. The question assumes someone is being cruel to an animal. It can't really be answered. Or "How do you solve a problem like Maria?", which assumes first that Maria is a problem. It's similar to what I see  being used a lot in lead generation and calls-to-action where one button says "Yes, I want more traffic. Take my email!" while the other button says "No, I want to see my website die a painful slow death." Rhetorical questions set up the reader in a similar, psychological way. The reader has to accept the underlying assumption in order to answer. It can work, but if you make an offensive or insulting assumption, your reader leaves. Use rhetorical questions carefully. Don't ask questions intended to limit the answer. Pet peeve alert: I despise  when people speak in questions so they can pre-empt any difficult or real questions and give softball answers. Here's how it works (and I'm sure you'll recognize the technique): "Do I love web traffic? Yes. Did I mean to send my disgruntled blog readers a skunk in the mail? Of course not." By asking the questions you, the writer, want to answer instead of providing the answers the reader wants, you can create the appearance of forthright and complete discussion without actually doing so. Plus, you slip into passive voice of sorts, where you don't own the action and behavior. How does that work in an introduction? "Do I love web traffic? Yes. Do I know the secret to building it? You bet." Ok, we get it. But what a waste of your reader's time. "My love of web traffic is bested only by my ability to build it." Kind of a silly  example, but you get the idea: be direct, not passive. Do you want more traffic on your blog? Write better blog post introductions with these tips.Don't ask obvious questions. Every time I find myself tapping out an introduction that starts with "do you want more traffic on your blog?" I'm sure somewhere a philosopher dies. What I'm trying to do is tell the reader "yes, this is the post you were looking for" but what I'm really telling the reader is "I don't know how to write." "Do you want more traffic on your blog?" Really? That's your Bob Woodward? "98 percent of blog owners want more traffic. Yeah, we don't understand that remaining two percent, either." You can identify with your reader without asking them obvious questions that they skim over. 5.  Go for the  cliffhangers. Robert Bruce  (who is someone else entirely than Robert the Bruce)  is a writer and a tease. Once in a while but not too often, mind you he sends out an email of Unusually Short Stories. He also posts them on his web site. He is all sparseness and tortuous brevity, his unusually short stories impeccable. They hook, and leave you hanging off the cliff. One of Robert Bruce's unusually short stories. Take a page from Bruce's book: these are the introductory paragraphs that get readers hooked. I know, because I've sat and stared at them willing the next sentence to appear (which  will not happen). I'm a firm believer mimicking and dissecting the successful work of others as a form of practice. Artists often paint from the masters to learn about color, light, and technique (I've done it). While at a writers' conference a few months ago, best-selling author James Hall told of a class he taught his graduate students (which included Dennis Lehane) where they were instructed to find a novel they loved and write their own novel based on the structure of it. He later turned this class into a book called Hit Lit: Cracking The Code Of The 20th Century's Biggest Best Sellers. So let's look at Bruce's example. What makes it work? It's only two sentences, and I'm dying to read the next paragraph. The setup tells us there is a competition known only to us (we have exclusive knowledge). There is a setting, both in place and time. And we know the startling end result. The cliffhanger isn't what happened next, but what happened in between. How do you get from intriguing point A to hilarious and startling point Z? So. A cliffhanger can be either "what happens next" or "what happened in between." Let's say your headline was: How We Went From Zero To 10,000 Customers In Just One Year.   Here's an example of a "what happened in between" cliffhanger: "We started with  three team members  and a plant in the window. One year later, we were taking sledgehammers to the office walls." The rest of the post talks about how you grew your customer base, and how it meant your team grew, too, and you had to expand your office space. (Or how things went poorly and you demolished the office in a fit of rage, but let's hope not.) 6. Gentle confrontation can be a friend. "You were getting 100 new sign-ups a week, and thought your email conversion rate was as good as it could get. But you were wrong, and I'll tell you why." Confrontation is sure to get a reader's attention. Of course, not all confrontation is created equal.  There is insulting and trollish confrontation (always wrong), and there is gentle confrontation. A gentle confrontation takes a soft  swipe at a controversy, or pokes a long-held belief of the reader in a way that encourages them to read on and reconsider. What happens when you do that? The reader feels indignant and keeps reading if only to prepare to prove you wrong. Or the reader is intrigued and keeps reading to see if it's true. The reader skips to the end and leaves a ranting comment never having read your post, meaning you have to gently say "but I said that later in my post." So in the case of the first reaction, gentle confrontation can be a friend. In the case of the second reaction...less so. Either way, introductions that are confrontational can often lead to active comment sections.

How Pulp Fiction can be read as postmodern Essay

How Pulp Fiction can be read as postmodern - Essay Example The term post-modernist, often used to refer to art and architecture, was applied to this film, and there was even a new word made specially to reflect this, namely â€Å"pulpmodernist.†1 The phrase pulp fiction refers to popular novels which are bought in large numbers by less well educated people and enjoyed for their entertainment value. The implication is that the film concerns topics of interest to this low culture, but as this essay will show, in fact the title is ironic and the film is a very intellectual presentation of issues at the heart of contemporary western culture and philosophy. Writing ten years before Tarantino made Pulp Fiction, the academic and critic Frederic Jameson identified some of the key features of postmodernism, and debated whether these were a true departure from modernism, or just a continuation of the same rebellious themes. His paper on postmodernism2 tends towards the latter view, but at the same time prophetically pinpointed the essential dep artures that postmodernism has made from what has gone before. Tarantino’s film does not continue the debate in an academic way, but instead presents a virtuoso visual performance of the ideas that Jameson could only dimly perceive. These ideas include pastiche, a crisis in historicity and a blurring of the distinction between high culture and low culture. One way that Tarantino uses pastiche is when he introduces very evocative settings, like for example the restaurant setting of Jackrabbit Slim’s Diner. The decor is flamboyantly 1950s style, which is not in keeping with the more modern setting of the main action in the film. The film set is exaggerated, with customers actually sitting in cars, and the waiters and waitresses dressed up as famous 1950s characters like Elvis Presley and Marylin Monroe. On another level the film plays with the cultural connections that the actor John Travolta has with the 1950s. The musical film Grease which is perhaps Travolta’s most famous film, takes place in this kind of setting. When Travolta’s character in Pulp Fiction encounters this scene, playing a much older character, and in a much more adult and violent film, it causes an ironic ripple. The audience makes an instinctive connection with what they know outside the film, and this explodes the usual time and action frame of film. In Pulp Fiction Vegas begins to dance and this again brings in a whole host of meanings related to the famous dance between Travolta and Olivia Newton John in Grease. In the later film, however, this is no innocent flirting between teenagers. The new context is a dangerous flirtation with the wife of a deadly killer, and both of the participants are adults who know the consequences of their actions. Critics have noted that this, also is ironic, quoting elements of older film styles: â€Å"The story of the flirtatious boss’s wife draws on established elements from the gangster genre, while her overdose provides an unexpected Gothic reference.†3 The trickle of dark blood from the pale body of Mia (Uma Thurma) is what recalls the Gothic horror genre. These evocative touches characterise Tarantino’s exuberant style. The scene where Vincent takes Mia to Jackrabbit Slim’s Diner and then home is therefore like a pastiche of Grease, and also of old gangster movies, and then also horror films, using exaggerated and deliberate quotation of key visual features to add new and unexpected layers of meaning to the story. This layering of images from earlier artistic works creates a pastiche with a particularly nostalgic affect. Jameson remarks that this is an

International trade theory and policy Term Paper

International trade theory and policy - Term Paper Example Before the end of World War II, countries had their own protectionist measures in place in terms of tariffs to safeguard their domestic manufacturers and businesses since a long time. The high tariffs were becoming a great hindrance to global trade. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in first six rounds from 1948 through 1967 provided the basic framework for tariff reductions. All first six rounds were mainly devoted on reducing tariffs and other barriers to trade and eliminate or lessen discriminatory treatment to promote global growth in trade (World Trade Organization). While there were only 23 participating countries in the first round of discussion, this numbers increased to 62 during the sixth Kennedy Round of negotiation. The 23 founding members of the GATT were also part of a group who were negotiating the ITO Charter as a specialized body of the United Nations. The ITO Charter was quite ambitious as it covered rules on employment, international investment, res trictive business practices, and commodity agreements. Early provisions of GATT did mention about accepting some of the trade rules of the ITO draft; however, the ITO Charter could not be ratified due to serious opposition within the US Congress. This resulted into the early death of the ITO charter and GATT remained only instrument that governed international trade (World Trade Organization). Through intensive talk and deliberations right from the first to the sixth round of negotiations, the participating countries could arrive at the consensus to reduce effective tariff rates from 38% in 1947 to just 9 percent by year 1972. Apart tariff reduction, the major turnaround came in the sixth round of negotiation when anti-dumping agreement came into effect. It should be noted that first five rounds were focused on item-by-item negotiation for the reduction of tariffs while the sixth round took some bold approach reducing tariff across the board; however, it is important to keep in mind that these rounds had little success in achieving non-tariff trade relations among the nation. The sixth round also called the Kennedy Round lasted over 3 years and provided tariff concessions to the tune of $40 billion. In view of the strong global protectionism prevailed at that time, achievements in the Kennedy Round were noteworthy. The Kennedy Round was the first of its kind that went beyond tariff reduction discussions and advanced the idea of non-tariff barriers besides highlighting the concerns of the developing world; however, trade in services, intellectual property rights were never discussed in the first six rounds of negotiation (World Trade Organization). Q: Discuss the global economic conditions in the mid-70s, and the anti-trade policies that became common despite the GATT. Motivate by worry about these policies, the 7th (Tokyo) Round was called to start in 1973. How can this Round be simultaneously considered a â€Å"success† (by the GATT Secretariat) and a â€Å"failure† by most international economists. Answer Those were the tumultuous years in mid-‘70s when Bretton Woods system based on fixed exchange rate collapsed. The system failed because the US dollar came under tremendous pressure to devalue. In the process of financing the Vietnam War and implementing public welfare programs during those years, the US government had increased its spending substantially that eventually resulted into increased money

Fun at School Essay Example for Free

Fun at School Essay Is a conspiracy theory defined primarily by its internal narrative characteristics or by its external discursive position? The answer to this quote is because the term â€Å"conspiracy theory† is not a neutral descriptor; it is commonly deployed as a term of disqualification for narratives that may, on their qualities, deserve thought. Further, when attached to a writer or thinker, the label â€Å"conspiracy theorist† can carry a shame similar in kind (if not degree) to that suffered by those designated â€Å"mentally ill. † I dont think that I am paranoid that much because I dont have to believe what other people say about their theories. I see others paranoid though every day. I think some conspiracy theorist could have a bad rap because people do not like what they have to say. For example 9/11 people say terrorist flew into the twin towers. Conspiracy theorist say there where bombs planted throughout the building and that the attack was plotted by our own government. Of course this is going to give these people a bad rap. If our society believes our own government is attacking us and they dont want to believe its true then it falls back on the conspiracy theorist giving him a bad rap. I do agree America is more paranoid then other countries because of the hype of conspiracy theories like sandy hook, 9/11, and all the deaths of famous people like Tupac, and JFK. Other countries may have more problems than us like war and food and water and they need more help than us, so why are we the ones paranoid and they are not. To me this shows America has only a few things to believe and one of those things being conspiracy theories. other countries have to worry about sustaining a life and living when Americans are thinking is Tupac really dead? Is this right for us to think like that? Do we really have problems here in the U.S.?

Huanting Of Hill House Essay example -- essays research papers

THE HAUNTING ON HILL HOUSE Eleanor Vance has always been a loner shy, defenseless, and angrily resentful of the 11 years she lost while nursing her dying mother. She had spent so long alone, with no one to love, never had a real home and without any happiness in her life. Eleanor has always sensed that one day something big would happen, and one day it does. She receives an unusual invitation from Dr. John Montague, a man fascinated by "supernatural manifestations." He had been looking for a haunted house all his life. Then He heard about Hill House and he knows that he couldn’t let it go. His intentions with Hill House, was to go there, live there for a while and take notes of everything that occurs within the house, kind of like ghost hunting. So he rents Hill House for three months, organizes a ghost watch, inviting three people who have been touched by unearthly events. A psychic event from Eleanor's childhood makes her qualify to be a part of Montague's unusual study, along with stub born Theodora who was the not thing like Eleanor, and Luke who is the nephew of the owner of Hill House. The reason for him being there is because the family lawyer told Dr. Montague that he couldn’t rent the house without the confining presence of a member of the family during his stay. They all meet at Hill House an estate in New England. This is where i...

Changes and continuities of Roman empire Essay

Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Roman civilization experienced changes both politically and culturally. Firstly, Rome’s government transitioned from a Republic to an Empire. Later, that empire was split into two parts; east and west. In terms of changes in culture, it was impacted by the shift in religion, as the Romans shifted from polytheism to monotheism. Despite all the changes, Rome still remained culturally diverse. The Romans overthrew the Etruscans in 509 B.C.E. The Etruscans had ruled over the Romans for hundreds of years. Once free, the Romans established a republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf. The highest positions in the government were held by two consuls who ruled the Roman republic. A senate composed of Patricians elected these consuls and at this time, lower-class citizens, or plebeians, had virtually no say in the government. Both men and women were citizens in the Roman Republic, but only men could vote. Under certain circumstances, the senate and the consuls could appoint a temporary dictator to rule for a limited time until the crisis was resolved. One of the innovations of the Roman Republic was the notion of equality under the law. In 449 B.C.E., government leaders carved some of Rome’s most important laws into 12 great tablets. During the last three centuries of the republic, Rome experienced a long series of civil wars, economic as well as political issues, and civil crisis caused by the dictatorship of Julius Caesar. After Caesar’s death, another civil war broke out destroying what was left of the Roman republic. Caesar’s adopted son, Octavian, joined forces with a general named Mark Antony and a politician named Lepidus. They took control of Rome for ten years as the Second triumvirate. The alliance ended in violence and jealousy. Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and then became rivals with Mark Antony. Octavian believed Mark Antony was plotting to rule Rome from Egypt, and another civil war erupted. Octavian defeated Antony and became the unchallenged ruler of Rome. Rome was at the height of its power from the start of Augustus’s rule in 27 B.C to 180 A.D. For 207 years, peace and prosperity resided over the Roman Empire, known as the Pax Romana. During this time, the empire spread 3 million square miles, and its population was between 60 and 80 million. The borders were also stable, since there were not any wars going on between Rome and other civilizations. Since Rome was now an empire, this meant that the government would now be ruled by a single emperor instead of two  consuls. Since one person was in full control instead of two, so there was no conflict over power, and there was no need for citizens to constantly elect people to rule. However, during Octavian’s reign he set up a civil service system. He paid workers to manage the affairs of government. Although the senate still functioned, civil servants from the plebeians and even former slaves actually administered the empire. The Romans were heavily influenced by the Greeks in various ways. One facet being religion, the Roman’s were polytheistic due to Greek influence and worshipped many of the same gods. The classical Greek and Roman gods rewarded excellence over mediocrity and did not truly offer any sort of meaningful after-life. However, around 300 CE a new religion started to spread throughout Rome. This new religion being Christianity, a monotheistic religion, and a religion that believed that there was life after death and hailed Jesus as the son of God as well as the incarnation of God. In regards to life after death in the Christian religion, as long as you followed the faith and lived a virtuous life doing good deeds you would be rewarded heaven. But if one has led a life of sin, they would be doomed to spend the afterlife in hell. Those meek and seen as inferior in the Roman empire, the poor, slaves, and women felt elevated and empowered as everyone is equal in the eyes of God, in Christianity. When Christianity began to emerge, it was largely disliked as Christians refused to take part in the worship of emperors as the Romans did. It was this refusal that caused its practice to be illegal and those who chose to stick with the faith were prosecuted. Although people were being killed for practicing, Christianity started to become even more popular. After seeing Christian martyrs risk their lives for the sake of Christianity, many Romans were compelled and attracted to the faith. Also, there were Apostles who traveled around the empire spreading the message of Christianity. Then in 312 CE, Emperor Constantine proposed the Edict of Milan that banned all laws against Christianity. That allowed people to freely worship, without the fear of harsh punishment. He eventually converted on his deathbed. Then in 392 CE, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of Rome. Christianity went from being an illegal religion to the official religion of the Roman Empire. At the height of its power, Rome controlled the greatest empire ever seen in Europe at that time. Many of the conquered nations benefited  from Rome. Roman public baths, roads, water supplies, all appeared in Western Europe. The sheer size of the empire was a major reason for the collapse of Rome. In AD 284, the Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire in two parts to make it easier to rule. He created the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire, each with its own leader. Diocletian faced more than just administrative problems. More and more military defenses had to be built across the whole empire. Maintaining an army to defend the border of the Empire from barbarian attacks was a constant drain on the government. Military spending left few resources for other vital activities, such as providing public housing and maintaining quality roads and aqueducts. Frustrated Romans lost their desire to defend the Empire. The empire had to begin hiring soldiers recruited from the unemployed city mobs or worse from foreign countries. Such an army was unreliable and very expensive. The emperors were forced to raise taxes and coin more money frequently which in turn led again to increased inflation. To add to that in AD 307, Constantine became emperor. He moved the capital of the empire to a new city –Constantinople. Constantinople was much further east than Rome and firmly in the eastern empire. This left the western empire very vulnerable to attacks. The eastern empire was closer to the rich soil fertile crescent and was much easier to defend. The west began to deteriorate and went through what was known as a Dark Age. During this time there were no advances in technology, there was turmoil throughout the empire, and literacy declined dramatically. The Roman Empire went from being a thriving world power to two fragmented empires, with the west doing awful and the east maintaining some resemblance of its former glory. Despite the fact that Rome faced numerous changes throughout the centuries it still remained culturally diverse. The start of the Republic was shaped around many cultures. The idea for arches were taken from the Etruscans. The language was derived form the Latin speaking people in the area. The religion, literature, and architecture were influenced by the Greek. During the heights of the empire, war was still ever present. The influence of Rome was spreading to nearby territories and new land was acquired. With the increase in land and population it was only natural for the spread of new ideas to occur. The emergence of Christianity would prove to be a defining feature of the Roman Empire. The fall of the empire produced two weaker half’s of a once  formidable empire. The western side of the empire retained the Latin language and the eastern side chose Greek instead. The resulting wars with neighbors and influx of refugees contributed even more to exchange of languages and cultures. From the beginning of Republic, to the expanding empire, to the halves; east and west, Rome remained multi-cultural. Ancient Rome went through dramatic changes from 500 BCE to 500 CE. It first underwent a change of government; shifting from a republic to an empire. Rome then changed culturally, from being polytheistic and believing in the Greek gods, to being monotheistic and believing in one deity and adhering to the guidelines of Christianity. Furthermore in 476 CE, the Roman Empire collapsed and split into two parts, and was governed by two emperors. Although Rome encountered a these alterations it still remained a multi-cultural civilization.

Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction Essay

†¢Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction: concerned with the end of civilization either through nuclear war, plague, or some other general disaster. Post-apocalyptic fiction is set in a world or civilization after such a disaster. The time frame may be immediately after the catastrophe, focusing on the travails or psychology of survivors, or considerably later, often including the theme that the existence of pre-catastrophe civilization has been forgotten (or mythologized). Post-apocalyptic stories often take place in an agrarian, non-technological future world, or a  world where only scattered elements of technology remain. There is a considerable degree of blurring between this form of science fiction and that which deals with false utopias or dystopic societies. †¢ †¢Dark fantasy: a subgenre of fantasy which can refer to literary, artistic, and filmic works that combine fantasy with elements of horror. The term can be used broadly to refer to fantastical works that have a dark, gloomy atmosphere or a sense of horror and dread and a dark, often brooding, tone. †¢Gnome, being of earth (gnomus). He describes them as two spans high, very reluctant to interact with humans, and able to move through solid earth as easily as humans move through air. [4] [5] †¢Undine or nymph being of water Undines are almost invariably depicted as being female, which is consistent with the ancient idea that water is a female element. [8] They are usually found in forest pools and waterfalls,[9] and their beautiful singing voices[10] are sometimes heard over the sound of water. †¢Sylph, being of air (sylevestris) is a mythological spirit of the air †¢Salamander, being of fire (Vulcanus).

Free sample - Ethical Standards. translation missing

Ethical Standards. Ethical StandardsMoral and ethical aspects of human life are very important for the personal development and statement. These life values determine attitude towards people, God and family. They are not regulated by law or other governmental documents, and there is no determined punishment for their violation, but still breaking ethical rules means breaking own personality and acting against oneself. 1. Ethical standard in majority of cases is taken from the parents’ family, social life, religion and historical period. Also, some people think that social groups, mentality and corporate culture, make impact on ethical standards formation. In other words, it is possible to consider the social environment as a major factor, which influences the ethical and moral standards of the personality. 2. According to the respondents’ point of view, those standards of personal ethics, which were grounded by parents in the childhood, are completely impossible to change because personality makes all important life decisions and actions, according to these standards. In some cases, it is possible to make some impact for the personal ethics while changing environment and religious- person would have to adapt to the new life conditions and to the people, surrounding him or her with their life principles. 3. In most cases ethical standards consider God as the main judge of all our actions. The God is also represented for many people as the personal example on how people should live and act. Family values are the core principle of ethics and people think that it is impossible to be fair with him/herself without being fair in own family. Parents, kids and beloved are the sense of life. Belief in afterlife time – one more important issue in following all ethical norms and standards. Respondents consider the afterlife time as the remuneration for the fair and faithful life, for acting, according to the ethical norms. References: Auditing Practices Board (2010) Ethical Standards. [Online] (Updated 17 July 2010) World Health Organisation (2010) Ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings

Siege of Fort Erie in the War of 1812

Siege of Fort Erie in the War of 1812 Siege of Fort Erie- Conflict Dates: The Siege of Fort Erie was conducted August 4 to September 21, 1814, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815).   Armies Commanders: British Lieutenant General Gordon Drummondapprox. 3,000 men United States Major General Jacob BrownBrigadier General Edmund Gainesapprox. 2,500 men Siege of Fort Erie - Background: With the beginning of the War of 1812, the US Army commenced operations along the Niagara frontier with Canada.   The initial attempt to mount an invasion failed when Major Generals Isaac Brock and Roger H. Sheaffe turned back Major General Stephen van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812.   The following May, American forces successfully attacked Fort George and gained a foothold on the west bank of the Niagara River.   Unable to capitalize on this victory, and suffering setbacks at Stoney Creek and Beaver Dams, they abandoned the fort and withdrew in December.   Command changes in 1814 saw Major General Jacob Brown assume oversight of the Niagara frontier.          Aided by Brigadier General Winfield Scott, who had relentless drilled the American army over the previous months, Brown crossed the Niagara on July 3 and quickly captured Fort Erie from Major Thomas Buck.   Turning north, Scott defeated the British two days later the Battle of Chippawa.   Pushing ahead, the two sides clashed again on July 25 at the Battle of Lundys Lane.   A bloody stalemate, the fighting saw both Brown and Scott wounded.   As a result, command of the army devolved to  Brigadier General Eleazer Ripley.   Outnumbered, Ripley withdrew south to Fort Erie and initially desired to retreat across the river.   Ordering Ripley to hold the post, a wounded Brown dispatched  Brigadier General Edmund P. Gaines to take command. Siege of Fort Erie - Preparations: Assuming a defensive position at Fort Erie, American forces worked to improve its fortifications.   As the fort was too small to hold Gaines command, an earthen wall was extended south from the fort to Snake Hill where an artillery battery was emplaced.   To the north, a wall was built from the northeast bastion to the shore of Lake Erie.   This new line was anchored by a gun emplacement dubbed the Douglass Battery for its commander Lieutenant David Douglass.   To make the earthworks more difficult to breach, abatis were mounted along their front.   Improvements, such as the construction of block houses, continued throughout the siege. Siege of Fort Erie - Preliminaries: Moving south, Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond reached the vicinity of Fort Erie in early August.   Possessing around 3,000 men, he dispatched a raiding force across the river on August 3 with the intention of capturing or destroying American supplies.   This effort was blocked and repulsed by a detachment of the 1st US Rifle Regiment led by Major Lodowick Morgan.   Moving into camp, Drummond commenced building artillery emplacements to bombard the fort.   On August 12, British sailors mounted a surprise small boat attack and captured the American schooners USS Ohio and USS Somers, the latter being a veteran of the Battle of Lake Erie.   The next day, Drummond commenced his bombardment of Fort Erie.   Though he possessed a few heavy guns, his batteries were sited too far from the forts walls and their fire proved ineffective. Siege of Fort Erie - Drummond Attacks: Despite the failure of his guns to penetrate Fort Eries walls, Drummond moved forward with planning an assault for the night of August 15/16.   This called for Lieutenant Colonel Victor Fischer to strike Snake Hill with 1,300 men and Colonel Hercules Scott to assault the Douglass Battery with around 700.   After these columns moved forward and drew the defenders to the northern and southern ends of the defenses, Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond would advance 360 men against the American center with the goal of taking the original part of the fort.   Though the senior Drummond hoped to achieve surprise, Gaines was quickly alerted to the impending attack as the Americans could see his troops preparing and moving during the day. Moving against Snake Hill that night, Fischers men were spotted by an American picket who sounded the alert.   Charging forward, his men repeatedly attacked the area around Snake Hill.   Each time they were thrown back by Ripleys men and the battery which was commanded by Captain Nathaniel Towson.   Scotts attack in the north met a similar fate.   Though hiding in a ravine for much of the day, his men were seen as they approached and came under heavy artillery and musket fire.   Only in the center did the British have any degree of success.   Approaching stealthily, William Drummonds men overwhelmed the defenders in the forts northeast bastion.   An intense fight erupted which only ended when a magazine in the bastion exploded killing many of the attackers.    Siege of Fort Erie - Stalemate: Having been bloodily repulsed and having lost nearly a third of his command in the assault, Drummond resumed the siege of the fort.   As August progressed, his army was reinforced by the  6th and 82nd Regiments of Foot which had seen service with the Duke of Wellington during the Napoleonic Wars.   On the 29th, a lucky shot hit and wounded Gaines.   Departing the fort, command shifted to the less resolute Ripley.   Concerned about Ripley holding the post, Brown returned to the fort despite having not fully recovered from his injuries.   Taking an aggressive posture, Brown dispatched a force to attack Battery No. 2 in the British lines on September 4.   Striking Drummonds men, the fighting lasted around six hours until rain brought it to a halt. Thirteen days later, Brown again sortied from the fort as the British had constructed a battery (No. 3) that endangered the American defenses.   Capturing that battery and Battery No. 2, the Americans were finally compelled to withdraw by Drummonds reserves.   While the batteries were not destroyed, several of the British guns were spiked.   Though largely successful, the American attack proved unnecessary as Drummond had already resolved to break off the siege.   Informing his superior, Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, of his intentions, he justified his actions by citing a lack of men and equipment as well as the poor weather.   On the night of September 21, the British departed and moved north to establish a defensive line behind the Chippawa River. Siege of Fort Erie - Aftermath: The Siege of Fort Erie saw Drummond sustain 283 killed, 508 wounded, 748 captured, and 12 missing while the American garrison incurred 213 killed, 565 wounded, 240 captured, and 57 missing.   Further reinforcing his command, Brown contemplated offensive action against the new British position.   This was soon precluded by the launching of the 112-gun ship of the line HMS St. Lawrence which gave naval dominance on Lake Ontario to the British.   As it would be difficult to shift supplies to the Niagara front without control of the lake, Brown dispersed his men to defensive positions.   On November 5, Major General George Izard, who was commanding at Fort Erie, ordered the fort destroyed and withdrew his men into winter quarters in New York.   Selected Sources Siege of Fort Erie, War of 1812Niagara Parks: Old Fort ErieHistoryNet: A Bloody Stalemate at Fort Erie

Successful Reintegration into the General Education Setting Research Proposal

Successful Reintegration into the General Education Setting - Research Proposal Example Teachers and parents of these students will help in providing necessary information such as the challenges that are deemed to hinder reintegration process. The proposed study will span for three months whereby participants who are students with special needs will be undergoing the normal intervention therapies provided by their respective educational organizations. Students with special needs learn for five days with majority of them being in boarding schools and the researcher will try as much as possible not to disrupt the normal school schedule. Therefore, researches will be conducted from break time up to lunchtime. Participants will receive training as a group for three hours per day in five days, which will be an additional training since they are taken through such sessions by their trainers. The researcher will have a team of trained personnel who will assist him in providing this training to the children with special needs. Training sessions will be starting immediately after the introduction and familiarization whereby the team of IEP will be beginning to train the students using the approaches explained under subheading â€Å"analysis†. Effective application of these approaches will help in evaluating the teachability of these students among other behaviors that the research team might find important to monitor. Various approaches will be used so that the research team can analyze them later and establish the most effective one. The researcher will get information from agencies taking care of these students by requesting them to answer questions that will be submitted via email. After these three months sessions, the researcher will recommend students who will be found to be ready for reintegration to the general education. Assessment of the programs for students with special needs will be administered by researchers who are not

Letter to a video game character or author Essay

Letter to a video game character or author - Essay Example This is the reason why you always have a hard time in the battleground. I am stunned at the unconventionality of your inclusion in the troops of galactic armies because you simply do not possess the usual characteristics of warriors going into wars. I have been contemplating about what could be your true role in the battle? Well, I guess everything needs balance in order to make things work properly. It cannot be all vicious and undesirable. I know your brother Peter has been very bad to Ender ever since and being a young kid that he is, he needs some sort of love and care. I guess that is your greatest role on the ground, that is, to show love and compassion to your brother Ender. He needs your support in order to succeed in the battle. I am also not certain about how you feel about your brother, Peter. While he does not mention about slaying you and Ender, it seems to me that he has this thought wandering inside his mind. But still you are showing a certain level of kindness that is way beyond human nature. But here is the thing: I don’t think you should always be nice to your brother Peter. You should also show him that what he is doing is not right and needs to be rectified. I want to share to you what I think about your situation. I don’t think that it is our responsibility to â€Å"always† be kind to our siblings. We do not always get the best kinds: there can be the most ruthless siblings in the family, and oftentimes, if not always, they do have bad intentions for us. In this case, Ender is an exception. We both know how good he is, even to his brother Peter. But I would like to suggest about how you should deal with your brother Peter. First, you cannot allow him to threaten Ender or you all the time. If he is showing such an attitude, this could mean that he really does not treat you as a family. Do not be always nice to him;

Extra credit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Extra credit - Assignment Example entioned it clearly in the policy statement that it was â€Å"necessary and desirable that areas of unusual natural significance be set aside and preserved for the benefit of present and future generations†¦Once the areas have been destroyed, the areas cannot be wholly restored† (The Nature Conservancy, 2015). Development of the Mounds Lake Reservoir would also put the natural lands at risk, that the state has invested years of effort and money to build and protect for environmental beauty, health, and safety. There is possibility of development of a state water plan while it is established whether development of the Mounds Lake Reservoir is avoidable or unavoidable for being a public necessity. The water plan would yield information about the state’s water needs along with protecting the sustainability of the water sources. The material presented relates to a range of course topics in general and to the topics of biodiversity; population and community ecology; eco systems; and water quality, solid waste, and agriculture in

Causes of the Crisis of Democracy

Causes of the Crisis of Democracy Twenty-five years ago, Michel J. Crozier, Samuel P. Huntington, and Joji Watanuki identified a crisis of democracy† which painted the â€Å"bleak future for government Twenty-five years ago, Michel J. Crozier, Samuel P. Huntington, and Joji Watanuki identified a crisis of democracy† which painted the â€Å"bleak future for †¦ government as an image of the disintegration of civil order, the breakdown of social discipline, the debility of leaders, and the alienation of citizens† (Crozier 2). While this vision of the demise of democracy appears extreme, there has been a dramatic drop in the public’s trust in politicians and political parties in recent years which has resulted in a public disenchantment with the government.   A growing scepticism among the British public has reversed the traditional deference to political elites, and voters are quick to voice their opinions on policy and politicians alike.   The growing discontent with the negativity of political discourse, and a lack of confidence in the efficacy of the government suggests that voter disengagement and disenchantment is a threat to the stability of the gove rnment, and politicians must take note and reconnect with their public. Although many are quick to blame the apathy of voters or the sensationalist media on voter scepticism, research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has found that charges of misconduct against individual politicians are responsible for the decline in trust in the government and politicians (Denholm).   Voter apathy is a result of the growing perceptions of scandal amongst the elite members of all the main political parties, resulting in a disinterest in politics in general and a negative estimation of politicians themselves.   In response to this growing mistrust, a series of Parliamentary committees in the 1990s examined issues of political corruption, ethics, and abuse of campaign finance regulations.   The committees found that perceptions of politicians as untrustworthy and self-interested derive in part from gossip regarding individual members of the elite, which raises public uneasiness about the standards of behaviour of the political elite.   The Committee on Standards in Public Life, established by the Prime Minister in 1994, is evidence itself of the mounting concerns of the public. The introduction to the Committee’s first report states: We can say that conduct in public life is more rigorously scrutinised than it was in the past, that the standards which the public demands remains high, and that the great majority of people in public life meet those high standards.   But there are weaknesses in the procedures for maintaining and enforcing those standards.   As a result people in public life are not always as clear as they should be about where the boundaries of acceptable conduct lie. This we regards as the principle reason for public disquiet (Whetnall). The decline in trust and the corresponding drop in voter activity is not due to long-term social forces, but to recent political affairs such as allegations of sleaze in the early Nineties. However, it is impossible to pinpoint recent political scandals as the sole cause of the drop in the public’s trust of politicians. There is the perceived lack of difference in the major political parties after the general election of 1997, which contributed to lower voter turnout and general apathy.   Giddens (1998) has argued that contemporary Britain requires a politics free from sharp ideological division and adversarial conflict as a response to global trends such as globalisation, detraditionalisation, increased reflexivity, and a new individualism (368).   This ‘politics without adversary’ is an attempt to appeal to a broader range of voting public, but in reality has alienated much of the public and raises doubts regarding the genuineness of the party and politician ideology.   In an interview conducted by Weltman and Billig (2001), a Conservative councillor suggests that the left/right distinction is not longer capable of mapping the social and poli tical world because the contours of modern society have altered. Asked whether he generally thinks of other members of the council in terms of ‘left’ or ‘right’, he says that he ‘could have used those words with more sense ten years ago, both in terms of individual people, councillors, and in terms of attitudes’ (Weltman and Billig 373). One can infer from this interview that contemporary politics are breaking down into a non-adversarial form of politics, one with which the public cannot identify and cannot trust to enact significant change. Through an examination of the social and political events which have shaped the current public mistrust of politicians and political parties, one can deduce that much of the current disenchantment in politics and politicians is rooted in the absence of available political spaces for the public.   There are few practices or institutions which are able to respond to issues of public interest and political disagreement, and to channel the public opinion in an effective and meaningful way. Currently, Britain is facing public disquiet over the prospect of joining the European Union and the coinciding single market economy, along with the protests against the involvement of Britain in the war in Iraaq.   Whatever the reasons behind the drop in public confidence in the government, what is clear is that the British government needs to re-evaluate its relationship with the public in the light of an invasive media, new technology, a better educated public, and a pervasive culture of cynici sm.   New technology, such as the internet, offers politicians the opportunity to make a connection with out-of-touch voters and offers new ways of mobilising and recording popular opinion, an opportunity which few politicians have taken.   We are entering a new era of politics, in which the old ideologies of ‘left’ and ‘right’, public and private, moral and immoral, are breaking down.   The public, alienated from this new ‘politics without adversaries’ and incensed at the unethical behaviour of individual politicians, has expressed their loss of trust in the government.   It remains up to the politicians themselves to win back the confidence of the public. Bibliography Crozier, M., A. Huntington, and J. Watanuki (1975) The crisis of democracy, New York: New York University Press Denholm, A. (2004) Public trust in politicians hit by sleaze claims, The Scotsman, Tuesday 25 May. Giddens, A. (1998) The third way: The renewal of social democracy. Cambridge: Polity. Pharr, S. (2000) A quarter century of declining confidence, Journal of Democracy   vol. 11, no. 2, April: pp. 5-25. Weltman, D. and M. Billig (2001) The political psychology of contemporary anti-politics: A discursive approach to the end-of-ideology era, Political Psychology vol. 22, no. 2: 367- 382. Whetnall, A. (1995) The management of ethics and conduct in the public service [online]. Case Study released by the Cabinet Officer, Office of Public Service, United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/21/2731894.htm [Accessed 15 March 2005]

Women’s Self-Discovery During Late American Romanticism / Early Realism

When we think of women writers today we see successful, gifted and talented women. Although these women writers have been established for sometime their status of contributions to society has only been recognized way too late. During the late romantic/early realism period numerous women found success in writing despite the fact that they may have encountered numerous obstacles in their path. The characters these women wrote about almost have a kinship with themselves bringing out certain personality traits not seen written about women before. From these traits a voice emerges in literature that has been hidden from the public view. This new true voice of female self-discovery finally comes out for the public to see in numerous works of that day. Courage, independence and emotional portrayal are the pivotal key traits that make up their self-discovery in the works of numerous female writers such as Gilman, Freeman, Woolson, and Chopin. These women writers were writing in the day where women were taught to maintain their place in society and family. After the Civil War â€Å"the homosocial world of women’s culture began to dissolve as women demanded entrance to higher education, the professions, and the political world† (Showalter 67). The roles of housewife and society maiden that were created by society did not allow for any room of expression by these women. The lack of women who at this time were seeking a higher education or pursuing the arts was very small. If they did not come from a family who supported them in their quest than most likely they did not get the chance to pursue their dreams. If a woman did want to extend their learning most of the time they did it in secrecy. A woman artist... ...kins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Shorter Sixth Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. Kahane, Claire. Passions of the Voice. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1995. Leitch, Vincent B., ed. The Norton Anthology, Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. Showalter, Elaine. Sister’s Choice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Toth, Emily. Introduction. A Vocation and a Voice. By Kate Chopin. New York: Penguin Book, 1991. vii-xxvi. Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. Treichler, Paula A. â€Å"Language and Ambiguity.† The Awakening, A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Margo Culley. Woolsen, Constance Fenimore. â€Å"Miss Grief.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Shorter Sixth Edition. Ed. Nina Baym.

Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia)

By Valbona H. Bajrami Table of contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 History of euthanasia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Ethics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Religion views†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Emotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Introduction People have been suffering from terminal illnesses for centuries. Some physicians believed that these people should not have to suffer if that was their wishes. They had come up with the idea of euthanasia; euthanasia is the practice of ending the life of a person in a painless way.Some people think that euthanasia is a crime just like murder; some others think that euthanasia is necessary for those people who are in unbearable pain and have no cure. The term, ‘Euthanasia' comes from the Greek words eu meaning good, and thanatos meaning death, and is known as mercy killing or assisted suicide, usually practiced on a terminally ill person. In some c ountries, euthanasia is legal and a third person can assist suicide under certain conditions. Many religions and medical practitioners opposed the idea of euthanasia and strongly claimed it to be illegal.The debate on euthanasia is expected to continue in the future because there are both pros and cons to euthanasia. (Sandhyarani, 2011) When asked if doctors should be allowed to end the life of a patient who is suffering from a terminal illness and wants to die, 75% of Americans said â€Å"yes. † Although, euthanasia is prohibited by law in most states of the USA, this poll was based on statistics of Gallup Organization in 2007. In 2010, based on Angus Reid Public Opinion, 70% of Americans were pro when asked the same question. Opinion Polls/Surveys, 2011 ) The important terms that help to subdivide and classify euthanasia by type are: voluntary, which is a death performed by another with the consent of the person being killed, involuntary, which is a death performed by anoth er without the consent of the person being killed, active euthanasia, were patient's death is caused by specific steps; such as injecting the patient with poison, and passive euthanasia, which is usually defined as withdrawing medical treatment with the deliberate intention of causing the patient's death. History of EuthanasiaEuthanasia has a very old history, and this theme has been both opposed and defended since ancient times. The first who used the word, euthanasia, was a Roman historian, Suetonius. Based on criticisms that were made in the address of those who have practiced euthanasia, it is assumed that the first traces of euthanasia started in Mesopotamia, River Ganges in India and in ancient Israel. In the 16th century the first recommendation of euthanasia came by Thomas Mores, who said: When there is no cure and a patient suffers too much, the patient should be convinced to die.The patient should realize that his illness is incurable, he is a burden to others and his suff ering causes pity for people around him. In ancient Greece, when the physician gave medicine to the patient who was suffering extreme pain, and had an incurable terminal illness, classical Greek philosopher Plato strongly supported this action. He also believed that mentally and physically ill persons should be left to death because they do not have the right to live.The first objection to euthanasia came from the Oath of most famous ancient Greek physician Hippocratic, which says:†I will not administer poison to anyone when asked to do so, nor suggest such a course. † In ancient Rome, euthanasia was a crime and this action was accepted as killing someone on purpose. For the first time in the 17th century in Prussia, the person who killed the patient with an incurable disease was punished as a guilty man. Euthanasia was both criticized and defended in the 20th century. In beginning of the 20th century, the trends of legalization of euthanasia began in the United States, but the government idn't accept these proposals, even though 53% of American physicians defended euthanasia. (Erdemir, 2001) In1935 the euthanasia Society of England was formed to promote euthanasia, then in 1939, the first legalization of euthanasia was in Nazi Germany. The Nazi doctors took the lives of thousands of their fellow citizens on orders from the government. In 1996, in Australia the euthanasia went into effect, but it was overturned by the Parliament in 1997. The places where euthanasia is legal are; Oregon, Washington, Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium. MedicineEuthanasia, sometimes known as â€Å"mercy-killing,† is the intentional ending of a patient's life by a physician, usually by lethal injection. One of the most known physicians who practiced euthanasia was Jack Kevorkian. He was a pathologist, and commonly known as â€Å"Dr. Death. † From June 1990 through January 1996, 27 people died using one of Kevorkian’s machines, and in total he sai d that he assisted at least 130 patients to end their lives. In 1999, Kevorkian was found guilty, and served eight years of a 10-to-25-year prison sentence for second degree murder.He was released on parole on June 1, 2007; on the condition that he would not offer suicide advice to any other person. â€Å"I will admit, like Socrates and Aristotle and Plato and some other philosophers, that there are instances where the death penalty would seem appropriate. † (Kevorkian) The euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain. They may be operated by a physician, or by the person wishing to die. In 1989 Kevorkian described his original death machine called â€Å"Thanatron†.This device involved an individual pushing a button that released drugs or chemicals that would end his or her own life. The second model he used was called â€Å"Mercitron†. It was similar to the first one, except a gas mask fed by a canister of ca rbon monoxide was attached to a face mask with a tube. The third model was invented by Philip Nitschke, who is an Australian medical doctor. He named his device â€Å"Deliverance Machine† which was programmed to ask the patient a series of questions, that, if answered correctly, a lethal injection of barbiturates was automatically administered.In 2008, Dr. Nitschke invented another device called â€Å"Exit’s Euthanasia Device† witch used an ordinary barbeque gas bottle, filled with nitrogen and a plastic suicide bag. The gas is more psychological, with no chance of adverse reaction. â€Å"So it's extremely quick and there are no drugs. Importantly this doesn't fail – it's reliable, peaceful, and available and with the additional benefit of undetectability. † (Philip Nitschke) Ethics According to Garn LeBaron, the patient, his loved ones and the physicians all face ethical dilemmas when determining whether euthanasia is an ethical choice.Most physic ians that are against euthanasia believe that for hundreds of years of tradition, the doctors were dedicated to healing patients, not killing them. On an individual level, the person must make a decision whether or not to end their life. They may believe that based on their self interest and their personal benefit, it would be better to die believing they would be a financial, physical or emotional burden to their families should they live out their illness until their body dies on its own.In contrast, they may choose to live for the good of others and for the sake of loved ones, to spare them the pain and turmoil to make and support such a decision. Should the family have to consider mercy killing due to a family member being in a permanent vegetative state, then they would have to consider quality of life versus value of life in general. They may also follow through on any wishes the patient may have made known prior to the vegetative state. The physician’s moral ethical is sues are that they have a duty to preserve life at all costs but also have a duty to respect the wishes of their patient.I fully realize that there are times when those who have the noble duty to tend the sick and the dying are deeply moved by the sufferings of their patients†¦ Then, perhaps, it seems that universal moral principles are mere abstractions having little to do with the agony of the dying. But of course we do not see best when our eyes are filled with tears. (Layton, 1997 ) Religion views According to Michigan's Religious Leaders Forum, a group of Christian, Jewish and Muslim leaders, those who promote this last, fatal escape as a â€Å"right† should remember that such a right may quickly become an expectation and, finally, even a duty to die.They fear that eventually some individuals and families will be forced to put financial concerns above the needs of loved ones. The Roman Catholic Church considers euthanasia as a â€Å"crime against life† and a â€Å"crime against God†. The Catholic Church is against the practice of euthanasia. According to the Holy Bible, Jesus Christ has a plan for each life, and shortening that plan interrupts what he wants to accomplish in that person. Although Protestants are part of Christianity, on the other side, they take more liberal views, and they offered religious arguments and support for limited forms of euthanasia.Among Protestantism, Judaism has become divided . Jewish thinkers oppose voluntary euthanasia but the preponderance of anti-euthanasia sentiment has shifted in recent years to increasing support for certain passive euthanasia options. In the same way as Roman Catholic Church, Islam categorically forbids all forms of suicide and any action that may help another to kill them. The Islamic prophet Mohammed refuses to bless the body of a person who had committed suicide. Islamic jurisprudence, based on a convincing interpretation of the holy Koran, does not recognize a personâ⠂¬â„¢s right to die voluntarily.In Hinduism there are two points of view on euthanasia. By helping to end a painful life a person is performing a good deed, but on the other hand a person is disturbing the timing of the cycle of death and rebirth. The Jainism religion, without hesitation supports euthanasia because they think that liberation from the cycles of lives is the primary objective in the religion. Similarly, in Shinto religion, the prolongation of life using artificial means is a disgraceful act against life, so most of the people who practice this religion support the practice of euthanasia. Religious views on euthanasia) Emotions The euthanasia debate is quite controversial. Many people have their own opinions, but to truly understand euthanasia and decide if you are for or against it, it is important to look at a real life story. Angela Belucciu who was diagnosed with cancer, and a supporter of euthanasia said: You can't imagine, living with the fear of facing death its elf is not scary for me, the manner of my death at the present time without Nembutal or something like that, without that my end, my death is not pleasant.Anyone can describe the pain experienced by people with terminal illness, but to feel the pain the way they do, we must be in their skin. To listen and experience are totally different acts. Although the number of supporters, according to statistics is high, some clinics have gone too far. Dignitas is a Swiss assisted dying group that helps those with terminal illness, and severe physical and mental illnesses to die assisted by qualified doctors and nurses. There was a shocking case that happened in this clinic, when a doctor had committed suicide after he found out that he had helped a woman, with a false diagnosis, die.The statement of â€Å"Dignitas† staff testified that irrespective of medical condition, it does not matter what people are suffering from, they do not refuse anyone. (Vanderheyden, 2005). Questions arise w hether it is right to legalize euthanasia only for people with terminal illness, or whether it will be respected by physicians and clinics? Certainly it would be difficult to get answers because in such cases the reaction of family members and loved ones would encourage debate in society at large. Conclusion Euthanasia has been practiced for hundreds of years all over the world by thousands of people from all walks of life.Religions have different views on the use of physician assisted suicides; some would say it is selfish of the family and patient to not let their â€Å"God† decide when it is their time to die and others would agree that it is a merciful way to end suffering for the dying person. There is and always will be strong ethical views on helping persons end their suffering. However, with the help of a practicing physician, it can also be seen as an inhumane decision or a loving decision. The ethical views are documented and are strongly stated either way.The only thing that will matter in the end is how the family interprets their decision. It won’t matter how long it was practiced for, who started it, which religious groups agree or disagree, ethical views from either side of this highly debatable issue, or any documentation regarding euthanasia, the family will have only one person in mind when deciding to help their loved one end their suffering or not. It cannot be an easy decision because of the abuses that might occur, or by any means for either the dying person or the family, for in the end the ones who go on living will have to live with what they have decided.References Cancer patient to fight on for legal euthanasia. (2008, March 8). ABC News. Retrieved from: http://www. abc. net. au/news/stories/2008/03/06/2182060. htm? site=news Erdemir, A. D. (2001, March). A short history of euthanasia laws. The Eubios Ethics Institute Retrieved from : http://www. eubios. info/EJ112/EJ112F. htm Euthanasia device. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Ret rieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Euthanasia_device Jack Kevorkian. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian Kevorkian, J. (2001 – 2011).Jack Kevorkian Quotes. Brainy Quote. Retrieved from : http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/j/jack_kevorkian. html Layton, R. (1997 , June). Discussion Group Report. Humanists of Utah. Retrieved from: http://www. humanistsofutah. org/1997/IsEuthanasiaEthical_DiscGrp_6-97. html LeBaron, G. (1993-2010). The Ethics of Euthanasia. Quantonics. Retrieved from: http://www. quantonics. com/The_Ethics_of_Euthanasia_By_Garn_LeBaron. html Opinion Polls/Surveys. (2011 , August 17). ProCon Euthanasia . Retrieved from : http://euthanasia. procon. org/view. resource. hp? resourceID=000134 Quotations on Euthanasia. (n. d. ). Euthanasia. com. Retrieved from: http://www. euthanasia. com/quotationsoneuthanasia. html Religious views on euthanasia. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia . org/wiki/Religious_views_on_euthanasia Sandhyarani, N. (2011, August 24). 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