Enduring Love Quotes

Chapter 2 Although passion is not dealt with directly in this chapter, if you consider that Joe was passionate about the balloon incident then the following points can be made: â€Å"I was wild by now, ready to fight, run, dance, you name it† (page 20) Joe is clearly caught up in the moment, and his adrenaline has kicked in. Adrenaline itself can be seen as a form of liberation as it frees the body of its restrictions, and as the ‘fight or flight response theory’ says, allows you to escape dangerous situations, freeing yourself. the mania began to subside and I felt trapped and lonely in my decision† (page 21) This same excitement has now disappeared and he is imprisoned by his decision to go forward and investigate, as â€Å"to turn back would mean humiliation† for him. His desire to take control of the situation has led to him being in an ironically undesirable situation. This chapter also offers the first hints about Jed’s â€Å"long winter of obsession†, and although there are often references to the future they rarely tie in to the coursework title. ’What we could do, he said with a seriousness which warned against mockery, ‘is to pray together’† (page 25) Jed’s passion for religion has given him a means of liberation from the grim reality of the incident, as he believes that prayer will help them. However, this then backfires and his need to prayer imprisons him to be alone in prayer, as Joe will not join in. Chapter 4 Page 42 â€Å"My tormentor stirred†¦ † The love that Jed is creating in his imagination is making Joe constantly feel anxious and is imprisoning his thoughts and only allowing him to focus on Jed. Page 40 â€Å"†¦I returned his passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Because he is tal king about this passion it is liberating him by getting it off his chest. Page 44 â€Å"I was scared of what it would do to me† He is talking about this situation with Jed and we can see that this obsession and passion from Jed is creating mixed emotions and creating this presence that Joe feels is constantly surrounding him. Chapter 5 – â€Å"I had already travelled some distance that evening from the time I had come in and had wanted only to talk to Clarissa about Parry† Imprisoning Joe as Jed is constantly on his mind and in his thoughts, even when spending time with Clarissa. â€Å"I love you† Carissa’s passion is liberated for Joe. – â€Å"He felt it too? † The whole situation with Jed traps Joe into this thought that he doesn't know the answer to. Chapter 6 Pg 59 middle of pg . â€Å"I almost said, or following me, but something held me back. † By Joe not telling Jed that he does not want him to stop following him, it lea ves Jed with the option to continue following joe without calling. As seen later in the novel, Jed does not call Joe as much butt continues to follow Joe, by writing letters and looking at his research.This imprisons Joe because Jed’s passion and love for him leads to Jed stalking him and becoming a dangerous threat to Joe and later Clarissa. Pg 56 above middle. â€Å"my cell, my guilt? † Joe feels guilty about the death of John Logan and feels he should go and tell Jean Logan (wife) . Joe wants to keep the fact that he thinks he caused john logan’s death by letting go of the balloon imprisons him because when he eventually goes to visit Jean Logan with his premeditated speech prepared about how John was brave etc.Is not appreciated by mrs logan because she asks him to find out if her husband was cheating on her. This imprisons him because he cannot get in touch with anyone else but Parry, the man who is passionately in love with him. Pg 60. â€Å"when this sto ry was closed it would be important to know something about Parry† I think what is being said is that because Joe is so passionate about science, he treats meeting Parry as some kind of experiment, he HAS to find SOMETHING out about him, and I believe Joe’s passion for science and wanting o know more imprisons him because he agrees to meet Jed. This leads to Jed thinking(in ch 7) that Joe sends more signals and then Jed’s obsessive love imprisons Joe throughout the novel Chapter 7 1) â€Å"You love me and there’s nothing I can do but return your love†¦ I don’t know why you have chosen me. All I know is that I love you too now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jed to Joe) (Imprisoning) This quote suggests that the assumed love that Joe has for Jed is imprisoning him because he has no choice but to give it back so he doesn’t necessarily feel liberated by the love given to him.This quote can also suggest that Jed may feel liberated by Joe because he says tha t Joe has chosen him which means he has been selected from and preferred above others. 2) â€Å"I was quite interested to know, although I also wanted to get away† (Joe to Jed) (Imprisoning) Although Joe is obviously feeling uncomfortable and awkward around Jed, he is still reluctant to leave him and still pushes to ask him questions even though he thinks Jed accusations are obscene. This might make feel Joe feel imprisoned because his actions can not reflect his mind because of the affect Jed has on him. ) â€Å"He was watching my face with a kind of hunger, a desperation† (Joe) (Liberating) Joe described the way Jed was looking at him like he was desperate which may suggest Jed relies on him to liberate him from whatever pain he is going through. This indicates that Jed needs their love to liberate him and is also desperate for it. 4) â€Å"I was feeling suffocated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Joe) (Imprisoning) The fact that Joe uses the word suffocated suggests that Joe feels t hat Jed is preventing him from his right of living with both his presence and ways of thinking.The fresh air that Joe once had in his life has been cut off by the discomfort of Jed. Chapter 8 Jed seems to be imprisoning Joe from the very beginning of the chapter ‘I heard his voice on the monitor echo in the hall behind me. Joe, God’s love will seek you out’ he is unable to escape Parry ‘I went back to the hall and turned the monitor volume down’ the use of ‘echo’ is effective because it portrays how Parry is now all around him; he is unable to break away from the situation which seems unreal, he is constantly being reminded of their apparent ‘love. ’ In the bathroom I splashed my face with cold water†¦ it’s almost as though Joe cannot grasp the reality of the situation, he even has to splash his face with cold water to wake him up. He feels imprisoned by Jed’s love and is confused as to why Jed is so obses sed ‘Wondering what it would be like to be obsessed by someone like me’ Joe is terrified by the situation, he related back to the ballooning incident when they were having a picnic and Clarissa handed him a bottle of wine. He is trying to work out when the obsessions began and what triggered them. He is unable to escape Parry who has become so close to him now emotionally and physically.Joe feels the need to trace back to solve the situation which shows how serious it has become and how much it is now bothering him, it is affected his relationship with Clarissa. This is highlighted by the face Jed cannot escape from him in his own home; he results to turning of the answering machine. By the end of the chapter Joe has been affected ‘I thought, I’m in a relationship’ shows how Jed has the power to make Joe feel as though he is trapped in a relationship with him, he feels emotionally connected with him and is unable to break away.Parry could also be con sidered to be imprisoned by his love for Joe, ‘ he was always there, staring at the entrance, like a dog tied up outside the shop’ he is waiting just to speak to Joe who has described him as an animal possible because of his lack of care felt towards him. Furthermore, Parry is searching for signals ‘Joe, Brilliant idea with the curtains. I got it straight away? All I wanted to say is this. I feel it too. I really do’ he is seeking any little possibility that they could be together. In addition, he is trying to relate to Joe’s feelings to feel emotionally close.Chapter 9 ‘They rarely row, Clarissa and Joe. She is especially bad at arguments. She has never been able to accept the rules of engagement which permit or require you to say things that you do not mean, or are distorted truths or not true at all. She can’t help feeling that every utterance of hers takes her further not only from Joe’s love, but from all the love she’ s ever had, and makes her feel that a buried meanness has been exposed that truly represents her’This shows that passion can be imprisoning because it’s causing her not to say things because she’s frightened she’ll lose him. Causing her to think less highly of herselfClarissa’s personality is being held hostage by this fear of rejectionWe need to bear in mind that Clarissa and Joe are very comfortable with each other, these things are routineWe can prove it because while Clarissa is in the bath washing, Joe is sitting in the room having a conversation with her.‘His emotions are slow to shift to anger in the first place. ’ ‘Your only concern is I’m not massaging your damned feet after your hard day’ ‘Also it’s particularly hard to be harsh to Clarissa because she is so easy to wound. Angry words leave an instant mark of pain across her face’Jed’s passion for Joe provokes a kind of liberatio n in that Joe undergoes a personality change and breaks his own rules on what to say to Clarissa. ‘This reference to a recent tender half hour shows Joe as much as Clarissa. He had no resentment at the time, in fact he enjoyed it’This causes him to experience pleasure while hurting her. Clarissa leaves the room; ‘While it’s still delicious to feel wronged’ Ironically, she feels happy because Joe has hurt her. He feels he wouldn’t mind picking up the dressing table stool and throwing it through the window’ It is liberating because Joe wants to express and express his personality.Chapter 10 â€Å"Parry of course was to blame for coming between Clarissa and me†¦ † This shows how Parry’s passion towards Joe imprisons Joe, as it is ruining his relationship with Clarissa. So it is imprisoning Joe and also Clarissa showing that, passion can not only be imprisoning for the two people involved but can also affect those around as well. ‘high railings and perhaps some kind of military presence, a security guard or sentry. This shows one of the many references to prisons and imprisoned places during the book. Showing that as he saw his after Jed that it refers to how his passion is imprisoning Joe. â€Å"What do you want? †¦ Parry’s sobs got the better of him then. † This shows how Jed lets his emotions get the better of him and he almost explodes.He becomes out of control, his passion imprisons himself, and he does things that maybe aren’t seen as normal and this shows how he is feeling used and tortured and that he can’t get away from Joe, so he is imprisoned by him. â€Å"I thought of Clarissa with a sudden leap of cheerful love†¦ Here passion is shown to be liberating. As Joes passion towards Clarissa helps him, makes him happy and almost hopeful. It also seems to help him pull through all the nastiness he just experienced. Chapter 11 (Jed’s first lett er) Page 94 – â€Å"And you, constrained as you are by your situation and by your sensitivity to Clarissa’s feelings† In Jed’s letter, he says that he understands why Joe cannot contact him directly and obviously. Jed feels that this is because Joe’s passion for Clarissa is imprisoning him by preventing him from contacting Jed, which Jed feels is what Joe wants to do.Page 94 – 95 – â€Å"What I’m trying to say is, you’ve seen my soul (I’m certain of that), and you know how to reach deeper into me, but you know next to nothing about the ordinary details of my life – how I live, where I live, my past, my story. It’s only the outer clothing, I know, but our love has to include it all† Passion is liberating as, according to Jed, his passion for Joe means that Jed can tell Joe everything about him. Passion is liberating because Jed’s â€Å"soul† has been revealed to Joe.However, it co uld also be said that passion is imprisoning as Jed says â€Å"our love has to include it all†, which could be seen as imprisoning as it means Joe has to know everything about Jed and Jed has to know everything about Joe. This could be imprisoning as it means they have no privacy. Page 97 – â€Å"Does it horrify you that I can see through you so easily? I hope it thrills you, the way it thrills me when you guide me with your messages, these codes that tap straight into my soul† Jed believes that he completely understands Joe, because of their love.This passion is liberating as Jed believes that his passion for Joe has given him the ability to understand him easily. Chapter 13 â€Å"I wanted to suggest that we talked in the garden, under the blossom, in the fresh air. † Top of page 113 This particular quote could be taking very literally; Joe feels imprisoned in the house, trapped by Mrs Logan’s passionate grief over the death of her husband.  "If she comes near this house,† Jean Logan said simply as the door behind us opened and two children came into the room, â€Å"I’ll kill her. God help me but I will. Page 117 last paragraph. This quote is a good example of just how imprisoned by passion Mrs Logan is. With the picnic that she has kept, and the over-analysis of the rose water on the scarf, along with this quote we can tell how trapped by the idea of her husband having an affair she is. However, whether her husband turns out to have been cheating or not, both outcomes will be distressing for her. If he really was she will have to live with the idea that she was unfaithful, if he never did she has to live with the knowledge that she suspected him, even after he died a hero.On the other hand it could also be said that she is liberated by this passion as it gives her something to focus on other than the loss of her husband. â€Å"Imagining what it would mean†¦ and save our love. † Page 112, Secon d paragraph. Seeing Mrs Logan’s grief reignites in Joe his passion for Clarissa, which in turn liberates him from his obsession with Jed, albeit only temporarily. He realises that he needs to try to save their relationship. Chapter 14 pg118 â€Å"It was with a touch of sadness that Clarissa sometimes told me that I would have made a wonderful father. Here, Joe’s love for Clarissa is presented as being imprisoning as Joe is willing (and happy) to stay with Clarissa despite saying that love’s only use was reproduction. It is ironic that later in the book Joe and Clarissa adopt a child, have his attitudes changed towards the purpose of love? Joe’s passion for rationality might restrict him from committing to Clarissa as they cannot reproduce together. Joe is torn between his want or even need to be a father, and wanting to stay with the love of his life.Pg118 â€Å"I see myself through that child’s eyes, and remember how I regarded adults when I was small. They seemed a grey crew to me, too fond of sitting down, too keen on small talk, too accustomed to having nothing to look forward to. † The notion of rationality being a kind of innocence or naivety as pointed out by Clarissa is reinforced here. Adults are often restricted by commitments, duties, morals etc. Childhood can be considered a small period of freedom as children do not have the duties or commitments that an adult does.Thus, Joe is liberated by his passion for rationality (if we adopt the view that rationality is a kind of innocence) as he is not confined by the 9-5 regularity of a mundane adult life. pg121 â€Å"Was my life to be entirely subordinate to other people’s obsessions? † It is clear that Joe is imprisoned by Jed’s love towards him, as he himself develops an obsession with finding threats in Jed’s actions. This comes very close to ruining Joe and Clarissa’s relationship. Therefore we can say that Jed’s love for Joe is imprisoning for Joe as he is in a mental cage of which he cannot escape.At this point, Joe is talking about being subordinate to Jean Logan’s obsession about finding the truth about her late husband. The book is very centred on obsessions and the fact that McEwan infers that Joe’s mental health is gradually deteriorating shows that Joe is being destroyed by the obsessions. Tension is also built, as again Joe cannot escape from them. Why does Joe agree to phone the other people from the accident when he seems so intent on avoiding further trouble? Chapter 15 â€Å"He (Parry) said, ‘I’m pretty well off you know. I can get people to do things for me.Anything I want. There’s always someone who needs the money. What’s surprising is how cheap it is, you know, for something you’d never do yourself? ’† Though at the time Parry seems to be referring to the ease of hiring a researcher, the subtle threat that lies undern eath these words stems from his passion (as does pretty much anything Parry does) and he ends up trapping Joe, who will now have to go around worrying about what Parry could do. â€Å"We were so happy in our reunion, so easy with each other, and now I could not quite imagine a route back into that innocence. Thanks to the passion of the last few weeks; both Jed’s passion for Joe and Joe’s speculated return passion for Jed, both Joe and Clarissa (and pretty much every other character) are now trapped, waiting for the story they are in to unfold, and cannot get back to the way things were. Chapter 16 Jed’s – Second Letter Page 133 – â€Å"He needs my help, I told myself whenever I came close to giving up, he needs me to set him free from his little cage of reason. † Jed feels that his passion for Joe and his passion for his faith can liberate Joe from his beliefs in science and â€Å"reason†.Joe’s passion for science is imprison ing him in a â€Å"cage of reason† where he cannot understand faith. Page 136 – â€Å"one day you’ll be glad to say, deliver me from meaninglessness† Jed believes that his passion for his faith will make Joe want to be liberated from the â€Å"meaninglessness† of science and reason. Page 137 – â€Å"In four years’ journalism, not a word about the real things like love and faith. † Passion is imprisoning because Joe’s passion for science is imprisoning him for expressing and believing in the importance of â€Å"love and faith†. Chapter 17Pg141 â€Å"I had started this love affair and I should therefore face my responsabilities towards him. † Jed’s obsession with Joe has now become so intrinsic to Joe’s life that he is led to believe that he is the cause of it. Jed’s letters are persuasive enough that Joe almost seems to accept that it was he who started Parry’s erotomania, this im prisons Joe as he thinks he is to blame†¦ and possibly to blame for the breakdown of his and Clarissa’s relationship as he also reflects again upon his luck of his ending up with Clarissa if he is so â€Å"oafishly large and coarse†(pg140) – makes Joe feel inadequate â€Å"I wanted more than that (hint of threat).I longed for it. Please put the weapon in my hands, Jed. One little threat would have given me enough to take to the police, but he denied me. † Joe is in a sort of limbo, the obsession is too much for Joe to just ignore, but too small for the police to take any sort of action. Therefore, Joe is restricted by Jed’s love as although he might say something in his letters that Joe could meticulously infer was a threat, Jed’s love for Joe is too strong for him to be overtly threatening. Pg143 â€Å"This was love’s prison of self-reference. † Jed’s solipsism is imprisoning as said by Joe, for Joe or Jed?Jed refu ses to be affected by external factors as Joe tries to create these signals himself, he lives in his own world creating his own signals that supposedly come from Joe. Chapter 18 â€Å"Clarissa thought her emotions were the appropriate guide, that she could feel her way to the truth† This shows passion to be almost liberating as Clarissa believes her passion towards Joe, and almost her passion towards emotion and her beliefs will bring her to the ‘truth’ and will help her to find what she needs. â€Å"I gathered all Parry’s letters together†¦ lacing each in a plastic folder. † Here we see how passion can be imprisoning, as Jed’s passion for Joe is imprisoning Joe, as it has made Joe obsessive in a way and makes him feel like he needs to spend a lot of time on this. So we see that is it bothering him, as he can’t do anything about it and so it is constantly on his mind. â€Å"it’s because one of our little playful episodes b rought me for the first time in my life†¦ on the edge of the invisible pitch. † Here we see how Joe’s passion for Clarissa and also reading and broadening his mind both are liberating to him.As we see how this is a significant moment for Joe, which has stuck in his mind because it mixed the two things he was so passionate about, which obviously made him happy. Analysis of Chapter 22 In this chapter, Jed Parry’s emotions are presented clearly, he feels emotionally imprisoned by his love for Joe, and has forbidden Clarissa to leave the apartment. In this chapter, Joe’s emotions reach the peak, this is shown because previous chapters he states how ‘alone’ he feels which lead him to purchase the gun for protection.The authorities have ignored Joe’s cause of concerns which leaves him feeling imprisoned and following a criminal root to resolve the situation. His imprisonment is presented when he says ‘It was just another of those i nert devices you wrap at home after shopping- mobile phone, VTR, microwave- and wonder how difficult it’s going to be to bring it to life’ he is trying to come to terms with the situation by relating it to things that he is familiar with such as home devices.‘These are the rumbling giants of this lower world for not far below the hreshold of visibility was the seething world of roundworms- the scavengers and the predators who red on them†¦ ’This reference to nature’s cycle possibly portrays his feelings towards the situation with Jed, that beneath the surface there are always complications for instance Jed’s emotions are deeper- it is an illness. Furthermore, the problems are not always visible just like Jed’s illness people are not listening to Joe which is making him imprisoned. Possibly the cycle reflects how Joe feels trapped in an emotional rollercoaster with Jed, unable to escape like the creatures who are in a food chain cy cle. ‘Round the back, where the dustbins were kept, was a locked fire escape for which only residents had the key’ Another cycle has been created, as Joe says ‘I haven’t been out here since the morning after Logan’s accident, after Parry’s phone call’ as we are taken back to when everything went wrong- the ballooning accident. Possibly the cycle portrays how trapped Joe feels unable to break away from Jed’s love, and feeling alone with no support from the authorities. Several relations to cycles emphasises how enclosed Joe feels. Chapter 23 We’ve loved each other passionately and loyally. Their love for each other has both liberated them.On the one hand, Joe’s love and passion for Clarissa drives him to keep things from her and eventually results in him shooting Parry before he could do any damage but he is liberated from the relationship (at the time) because Clarissa still wants time apart. Perhaps it became a sub stitute for the science you wanted to be doing Joe’s passion for science makes Clarissa believe that Jed was like a science experiment to Joe, and because Joe is so passionate about science he threw himself into researching everything he could about Jed but he imprisoned himself and became more distant and isolated from Clarissa.Chapter 24 â€Å"I dreaded more personal talk in such an enclosed space† (page 222) Their previous passion now means they cannot be so close together and quotes such as the above, or â€Å"we were in six feet of space, shoulder to shoulder in fact† suggest that they are imprisoned together, even though Joe desires liberation from the situation. â€Å"A rule never to be seen together in Oxford† (page 228) Even though Bonnie and Reid seem to love each other, the fact that they are a teacher and student means they are imprisoned to not be seen around Oxford.Another side of the argument is that passion has liberated Reid, as he feels that â€Å"it’ll be a relief to resign†. â€Å"But who’s going to forgive me? † (page 230) Jean Logan will now likely be imprisoned by guilt for the rest of her life, as she falsely accused John of an affair; her passion for him led to her almost going insane and coming up to baseless conclusions, much as Jed did, and now she is suffering for it. Appendix The whole letterThis letter is ironic due to the fact that his enduring love and passion for Joe has mentally imprisoned him as well as physically imprisoning him. Page 245 â€Å"I’ve never felt so free† This phrase is completely ironic as Jed believes that his love and passion for Joe has freed him however his love and passion for Joe has imprisoned him in a mental asylum. Page 245 â€Å"Thank you for loving me† The idea that this passion he feels for Joe is real and reciprocated is one of the various imprisoning thoughts in Jed’s head.

Gadgets For The Youth: Beneficial Or Not Essay

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND A gadget is a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty. Gadgets are sometimes referred to as gizmos. The origins of the word â€Å"gadget† trace back to the 19th century. According to the [Oxford English Dictionary], there is anecdotal (not necessarily true) evidence for the use of â€Å"gadget† as a placeholder name for a technical item whose precise name one can’t remember since the 1850s; with Robert Brown’s 1886 book Spunyarn and Spindrift, A sailor boy’s log of a voyage out and home in a China tea-clipper containing the earliest known usage in print. The etymology of the word is disputed. A widely circulated story holds that the word gadget was â€Å"invented† when Gaget, Gauthier & Cie, the company behind the repoussà © construction of the Statue of Liberty (1886), made a small-scale version of the monument and named it after their firm; however this contradicts the evidence that the word was already used before in nautical circles, and the fact that it did not become popular, at least in the USA, until after World War I. Other sources cite a derivation from the French gà ¢chette which has been applied to various pieces of a firing mechanism, or the French gagà ©e, a small tool or accessory. The October 1918 issue of Notes and Queries contains a multi-article entry on the word â€Å"gadget† (12 S. iv. 187). H. Tapley-Soper of The City Library, Exeter, writes: A discussion arose at the Plymouth meeting of the Devonshire Association in 1916 when it was suggested that this word should be recorded in the list of local verbal provincialisms. Several members dissented from its inclusion on the ground that it is in common use throughout the country; and a naval officer who was present said that it has for years been a popular expression in the service for a tool or implement, the exact name of which is unknown or has for the moment been forgotten. I have also frequently heard it applied by motor-cycle friends to the collection of fitments to be seen on motor cycles. ‘His handle-bars are smothe red in gadgets’ refers to such things as speedometers, mirrors, levers, badges, mascots, &c., attached to the steering handles. The ‘jigger’ or short-rest used in billiards is also often called a ‘gadget’; and the name has been applied by local platelayers to the ‘gauge’ used to test the accuracy of their work. In fact, to borrow from present-day Army slang, ‘gadget’ is  applied to ‘any old thing.’ The usage of the term in military parlance extended beyond the navy. In the book â€Å"Above the Battle† by Vivian Drake, published in 1918 by D. Appleton & Co., of New York and London, being the memoirs of a pilot in the British Royal Flying Corps, there is the following passage: â€Å"Our ennui was occasionally relieved by new gadgets — â€Å"gadget† is the Flying Corps slang for invention! Some gadgets were good, some comic and some extraordinary.† By the second half of the twentieth century, the term â€Å"gadget† had taken on the connotations of compactness and mobility. In the 1965 essay â€Å"The Great Gizm o† (a term used interchangeably with â€Å"gadget† throughout the essay), the architectural and design critic Reyner Banham defines the item as: A characteristic class of US products––perhaps the most characteristic––is a small self-contained unit of high performance in relation to its size and cost, whose function is to transform some undifferentiated set of circumstances to a condition nearer human desires. The minimum of skills is required in its installation and use, and it is independent of any physical or social infrastructure beyond that by which it may be ordered from catalogue and delivered to its prospective user. A class of servants to human needs, these clip-on devices, these portable gadgets, have colored American thought and action far more deeply––I suspect––than is commonly understood. People were using gadgets since the beginning of history. These devices that are created by people make their life better and full up their bellies. They have let humanity learn the basics of sciences and technology and lead us to this level of development. At the very beginning people where gathering berries, plants roots, fruits and vegetables they were finding to feed themselves. Then they started hunting using sticks and rocks to kill animals. So the best gadget created at that time was a simple bow. Bow hunters were the most successful and they also used bows to protect themselves from other people. This would be the most popular gadget on dig if only they had dig back then. Well, the problem is that they did not have any social networks because they did not have Internet they where only planning on creating something like that, but I am sure they were discussing this news very much. Later on, ages later, when humans needed to carry heavy stuff they have just  designed wheel. Why so late? They just did not need it earlier. However, the result of their wheel creation we have cars and all the things that use round things. For example watches have gear wheels, our cars have wheels, most of mechanical devices have something that looks and functions like wheels. This all is great but what do you do when you need to till your fields and plant some crops on it? You buy some John Deer tractors and do that, or even hire other people to do that. However, farming began with working on your own land with your own hands and no John Deer. They were also pulled by bulls and not internal combustion engines like we use now. When they created the plow gadget it was revolution in farming. Imagine if they had created a gadget that would multiply your harvest today. That would be a great solution to those starving people in third world countries. The plows cost a fortune back then but every farmer dreamed of having one of those. One more revolution gadget that had changed the world back then is their Laptop. It has nothing to do with Mac, Sony Via, HP; those brands did not even exist back then. I know these Laptops make millions calculations per second, however the first one was capable of making about 1 to 10 calculations per minute. Its name is Abacus the first non electronic counting frame; this is what humans used to convert how much of their money it will cost them to buy an iphone and how many ears they had to earn money for that. II. CAUSE AND EFFECT A. CAUSES Need to use It may be a need due to homework and to socialize or communicate with relatives. To entertain oneself Because of the different gadgets applications that are occurring nowadays, teenagers prefer to use their leisure time to play games, read e-books, take pictures, listen to the music, and browse social networking sites that are installed in a specific gadget. B. EFFECTS Increase in Stress Work in office is getting stressful now-a-days. This is not just because of the work pressure, but it is also because of continuous exposure of your eyes to gadgets. It is not good for the eyes. You will be able to see the gadgets for long, but without your consciousness, the eyes are strained which makes a silent increase in stress in your brain and body. Physical and Internal Organ Disorders Gadgets locked us before it. We have reached a stage that nothing can be done without gadgets. Yes of course, it is becoming true or it has been made to become true. We humans are responsible for it because we create it, we use it. Most of the diseases are because of less physical activity. Diabetes is becoming common even at early age. Less physical activity plays a vital role in getting diabetes. Do not think diabetes is just a single disease. It’s the gateway for all other internal organ malfunction and fatal disorders. Once we are locked before gadgets, we do not (or cannot) do any physical activity which makes your physical fitness to get worse. Obesity is becoming an alarming issue. It may be because of bad habits of food culture, but less physical activity makes it worse. Gadget-users are addicted to junk foods because it can be edible at their work table itself. Since they are addicted to gadgets, they just take those junk foods, sit in without burning the calories and obviously adding up of fat resulting to obesity, indigestion, gas trouble, diabetes and even heart attack. Hearing disability MP3 players, iPods and mobile phones are used to hear music. But using these gadgets continuously has become a trend in youth. Hearing disabilities are increasing in youngsters. We can see most of the youngsters are roaming with their headphones plugged in ear. Continuous usage of headphones will make their ear drum become less sensitive to sound and at a point of time we may completely loss our hearing. Nervousness Music can be used as a method to get relaxed. But not all kinds of music will  reduce stress. Only few types of music will reduce stress. Hearing rock and pop music will not reduce stress. After long hours of work while returning home most of them are used to plug in their headphones and listen to music to get relaxed. But it really irritates your brain. Hearing is not related only with ears. It is related with brain too. Brain processes the sound waves and makes it hear. So listening to music needs your brain to process the sound to make you hear which makes your brain to keep on processing without rest which in turn can create nervousness. If this kind of habit continues it may be fatigue. Damage of Brain cells due to Mobile Phone Radiation As we all know mobile phone radiation are harmful to health, but still we use it, because it has become like a second heart in our day to day life. When used for long hours, it creates pain in our ears and when this condition happens daily then we may suffer from hearing disability and damage of brain cells. Text Messaging Syndrome Texting is a new word used for Text Messaging. Repetitive or continuous use of mobile phones for text messaging or playing games will lead to pain in fingers. And this may be called as Text Messaging Syndrome. This will weaken the nerves of all your fingers and make them stiff not allowing your fingers to move easily. III. VERSIONS AND MODELS A. LOW UNITS 1994: The original PlayStation The PlayStation was Sony’s first big video game success. PlayStation was the first video game console to ship 100 million units after 9 years and 6 months of its initial launch. 1996: Nintendo 64 Nintendo 64 was the successor to the extremely popular Super Nintendo. The game system featured a unique controller and was released with two launch games, Super Mario 64 and Pilotwings 64. N64 retailed for $199. What was happening in 1996: Tupac Shakur was killed in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas and child beauty queen JonBenet Ramsey was found dead in her basement. 1996: Motorola StarTAC The StarTAC was the first clamshell phone released. The StarTAC was among the first mobile phones to gain widespread consumer adoption; 60 million StarTACs were sold. Some key features of the Motorola StarTAC were: SMS text messages, although only the later digital models had the capability to send messages. It could use an optional lithium-ion battery, at a time when most phones were restricted to lower capacity NiMH batteries. Was one of the first cellular phones to introduce vibrate alert as an alternative to a ringtone. 1996: The first DVD The first DVD players and discs were available in November 1996 in Japan and March 1997 in the United States. DVDs revolutionized the way we viewed movies and interacted with personal media. By 2003 DVD sales and rentals topped those of VHS; during the week of June 15, 2003 (27.7M rentals DVD vs. 27.3M rentals VHS in the U.S.). 1996: The original Tamagotchi Tamagotchi is a keychain-sized virtual pet simulation game. Users took care of a pet by virtually feeding it and walking it, just like a real animal. The game was extremely popular. As of 2010, more 76 million Tamagotchis have been sold worldwide. 1997: Nokia 6110 It seems like everyone had this classic phone from Nokia. The Nokia 6110 had three games including memory, logic, and the iconic Snake. It also had several other apps that seemed revolutionary at the time, such as a calendar and a currency converter. The removable front cover meant you could customize your phone with a variety of color options. 1997: AIM While AIM is not a gadget, it was an amazing piece of software that’s still widely used today. The software, maintained by AOL, Inc., at one time had the largest share of the instant messaging market in North America, especially in the United States (with 52% of the total reported as of 2006).  In March 1996, the Buddy List was opened up to AOL subscribers running Windows 95. The buddy List feature became available to Mac users sometime in late 1996 to mid 1997. The standalone AIM became available to non-subscribers in 1998. 1999: Napster Napster is not a gadget either, but this platform changed the way the public viewed music and file-sharing. Napster was originally founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer file sharing Internet service that emphasized sharing audio files – typically music – encoded in MP3 format. Although the original service was shut down by court order, the Napster brand survived after the company’s assets were liquidated and purchased by other companies through bankruptcy proceedings. Rhapsody now owns Napster. 2000: The Nokia 3310 The 3310 is known for having many features that were rare for the time. These included many utilities, such as a calculator, Nokia network monitor, stopwatch and a reminder function. It had four games: â€Å"Snake II,† â€Å"Pairs II,† â€Å"Space Impact,† and â€Å"Bantumi† The phone was popular for text messaging because it allowed long messages three times the size of a standard text message (459 characters). It also featured threaded SMS writing called SMS Chat. The phone also had voice dialing for the quick dialing of selected numbers. 2001: Original Xbox The Xbox was Microsoft’s first video game console after collaborating with Sega to port Windows CE to the Dreamcast console. Microsoft repeatedly delayed the console, which was first mentioned publicly in late 1999 during interviews with Microsoft’s then-CEO Bill Gates. Gates stated that a gaming/multimedia device was essential for multimedia convergence in the new times. 2001: the first iPod The first iPod sported at 5 GB hard drive, long battery, and could hold 1,000 songs in your pocket. It only worked on Macs. The original iPod retailed for $399. It was received with much skepticism, but eventually changed the way everyone listened to their music. 2004: The Motorola RAZR The Motorola RAZR’s futuristic appearance was one of its most impressive features. The flip phone, just half an inch wide, was thin enough to fit in a back pocket. It was also very light at just 3.4 oz. The original RAZR was only available with an aluminum alloy, though later models offered metallic colors like red and blue. B. HIGH MODELS Google Glass Anyway, these futuristic specs are currently in Beta with some high profile geeks posting pictures of them wearing a pair on their Twitter accounts. Enabling you to interact with the world around you in a totally different way, Google Glass lets you get info from the web and take pictures using voice commands. You just might look an idiot wearing a pair in the next 12 months, before it takes off and everyone has them. Smart watches Hot on the heels of the Pebble and Samsung Galaxy Gear smart watches, will surely come newer and more innovative mobile-linked wrist pieces. In fact, at the 2014 Mobile World Congress expo, we’re bound to see loads of the things in a concept stage. But 2014 will be the year Apple launches one. Or maybe it won’t. Both of which would be a big story. The first would show the potential power of these products and the second would dismiss the idea as a fad if a company like Apple fails to take up the gauntlet. No doubt, in time, we’ll discover which one. Wearable tech Similarly, 2014 will be the year of technology that you wear – and not just on your wrist or nose. The whole sector looks set to increase throughout our lives on the back of the growing trend for wearable fitness devices that track exercise progress and healthy living. Expect to see products built into clothing as well as stuff you can physically wear yourself. Big screen Apple TV Well, it’s been talked about since 2012 and we are still none the wiser. But  it would make sense to enter that market and take on rivals Samsung and Sony. A touch screen telly backed by iOS and all of Apple’s apps and games would be a massive disrupter in the TV space. However, it would surely cost a premium price and that marks out one major issue for the US giant as it battles to extend mainstream reach of the iPhone and iPad. Internet of things This catch-all term for appliances in our home talking to each other is yet another buzzword but it will come further to fruition in 2014. It speaks of a world where washing machines, fridges, kettles and ovens connect to the internet and can be controlled via mobile phones or tablet computers. iPhone 6 The next yearly update for Apple’s flagship product will be crucial. With the 5S bridging the gap with its fingerprint reader, it will take a huge jump in technology and design for the iPhone 6 to really garner positive headlines and satisfy investors. Apple usually has a trick or two up its sleeve but facing stiff competition now in the Smartphone space, it will have to conjure up the sort of magic that set the original iPhone apart from the rest. Electric cars From the Nissan LEAF to the BMW i3, 2013 started to bring electric cars more to the middle of the road. As more charging points are rolled out across the country in 2014, expect the interest in these motors to increase. As well as helping the environment, they keep the cost of driving low with no need for petrol or diesel. All you do is plug them in overnight and off you go in the morning. Of course, you have a limited range but they’re great for local and short hopper journeys. Gaming takes centre stage As the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 begin to take hold in our living rooms, all eyes will be on new gaming experiences being created for them. With more power and better graphics, we’re expecting some developments that really push the boundaries of immersive entertainment crossed with gaming experiences. If we don’t get them though in the next 12 months, that’ll be  the final nail in the coffin for the traditional-style home console we used to know and love. 4K TVs When we switched from normal telly to high-definition, the change in picture quality was massive. Now imagine taking that up a few notches further and moving from HD to Ultra HD or 4K. 2014 should be the year these screens start their extension into the mainstream with prices lowering enough to make them affordable for early adopters. It won’t be until late 2015 that these will be within reach of us all but in the meantime, along with thinner and even curved TV screens, this is a trend to watch. B. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES A. Youth’s Lifestyle Health – Persistent use of high-tech gadgetry can lead to a slew of health problems for young and old alike. A sedentary lifestyle discourages exercise and encourages obesity. The back-lit screens used for computers, iPhones and video games can cause eye problems. Walking around everywhere with music blaring directly into your ears brings on headaches and hearing difficulties. The net effect of all these things, plus the pressure of immediate responses to everything, can become stressful. Your Brain – In The Mail Online, neurologist Susan Greenfield says that gadgets use changes our brains and not always for the better. Just thinking about doing something — such as performing an action in a video game — affects your brain nearly as strongly as actually doing it. There is circumstantial evidence linking a rise in Attention Deficit Disorder with increased use of video games, causing many scientists to worry that children may do permanent harm to their brains by spending too much time interacting with such gadgets. B. Youths’ Academic Performance Easy Access to information: It has become very easy to get access to relevant information at any time anywhere. Lots of data is being published and indexed online, sites like Wikipedia and YouTube have great original content which can be used in research or entertainment. Information is power, and  those who find information and use it well always succeed. With smart gadgets like the ipad , iphone , galaxy tablet , users can easily have access to information through these smart gadgets because they use internet. So a user on a train can easily read breaking news while traveling, they can also buy and sell stocks while in the bedroom using the internet. These smart gadgets make it easy to access internet and this simplifies the way we get information. Convenience in Education: Learning is a process and it is part of our daily lives. Gadgets have made it simple for students to learn from anywhere through online education and mobile education. Also students now use gadgets in classrooms to learn better. For example, students use ipads to share visual lessons and examples with peers in the classroom. This has made learning more convenient and fan. Also new modern educational gadgets support individual learning which gives a chance to students to learn on their own with no need of tutors. C. Youths’ Social Life Improved communication: Communication is like water to life. We cannot develop without communication. Gadgets have blessed us with advanced communication technology tools. These can include electronic mail, mobile phones, videoconferencing, instant text messaging applications, social networking applications. All these modern communication technology tools have simplified the way humans and businesses communicate. I can easily talk to my relative oversees using a mobile phone or video chatting services like Skype. Improved Entertainment: Gadgets have played a big role in changing the entertainment industry. Home entertainment has improved with the invention of video games and advance music and visual systems like smart televisions which can connect live to internet so that a user can share what they’re watching with friends. Easy access and storage of music, services like iTunes allow users to purchase and download music on their ipods at a small cost, this is a win – win situation for both musicians and the users. Because musicians can easily sell their music via iTunes and the user can also have a wide selection of which music to buy without having troubles of going to a physical music store. Social Networking: Gadgets with the use of internet have made it simple to discover our old friends and also discover new people to network with. This is a benefit to both individuals  and businesses. Many businesses have embraced the social networking technology to interact with their customers. Users of social networks can share information with friends, live chat with them and interact in all sorts of ways. DISADVANTAGES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY: A. Youths’ Lifestyle Students tend to be lazy, because they are too busy exploring and playing the games on their gadgets, and because of that, they have no more time doing for household chores, doing their homework and going to church. B. Youths’ Academic Performance Competency – Increased dependency on modern tools like calculators has reduced on our creativity. You can find a student when they can solve a very simple mathematical equation without using a calculator. This affects the way this student uses their brains and reduces on the level of creativity. Social Networking – Students who use their computers or cell phones to participate in social networking sites may post material considered inappropriate by school authorities. They may also develop an unfavorable reputation based on those pictures or comments. Pictures of misbehavior can adversely affect their chances of getting into the university of their choice or of getting a job. Addictions – It is easy to become addicted to gaming, texting, talking on the phone or socializing online. Some students may attempt to do this in class, which disrupts their learning, and at home it detracts from study time. Kids putting in long hours on their gadgets will give less attenti on to assignments and may be irritable when they are away from their gadgets. They might also sleep less, which can slow down their thinking the next day. C. Youth’s Social Life Increased loneliness – Social isolation is on the increase, people are spending more time playing video games, learning how to use new modern technologies, using social networks and they neglect their real life. Technology has replaced our old way of interacting. If a user can easily interact with 100 friends online, they will feel no need to going out to make real friends which at a later stage leads to loneliness.

Week 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 3 - Research Paper Example In order to achieve this, the above mentioned functional areas must collaborate and come up with an action plan to implement the collaboration process. The first step of the collaboration process is for the purchase department to provide a list of the purchases they intend to make and how much each is going to cost. This list is taken to the accounting department which authorizes release of the expense money. Once the goods are brought and inventory is done, sales department takes over the day and turn over the money at the end of the day for the accounting department to calculate. The marketing team comes up with strategies to increase customer base and maintain the present customers and this strategies are presented to the accounting department once approved by the management for funding. In order for the above process to run smoothly, they need to have an action plan which should run for several months and if successful, should be implemented. The action plan will involve majorly the accounting, marketing and sales departments. This is because they are important in revenue generation to run the collaboration process. The marketing department will come up with advertisements of discounts, sales coupons and even points that can be redeemed depending on the purchase made. The account department will release funding for this marketing and finally the sales department will handle the discounts, point redemption and sales coupons. The success of this action plan will not only bring in more clients, but will also increase profits for the running of the collaboration process. Lateral collaboration happens among people of the same level at work while vertical collaboration is between employers and employees (Bryson, 2011). In Kudler Fine Foods, lateral collaboration is employed majorly in the kitchen department where the chefs hired share their recipes with the other chefs in the various Kudler stores. This is in order to avoid

Roman And Greek Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman And Greek Art - Essay Example Although, the Roman art borrowed a lot from the Greeks and Egyptians, I prefer Roman art for exactly this reason. In a way, Roman art combined the best of everything and blended it with its own ideas. It is true that the Romans valued Greek art; however, I prefer the less idealized and more diverse Roman approach to art. In addition, I admire the beauty of Roman architecture that is combined with its practical use. For example, I believe the Roman aqueducts to be not only beautiful, but also a very important feature. Aqueducts are a prime example of the fabulous Roman engineering and building skills. The Pont du Gard is probably the best proof for how remarkable the Roman artistic period was. Which image or images made the strongest impact on you and why? Even though I prefer the Roman artistic period, there were a couple of pictures from all periods mentioned that had a strong impact on me. From the Roman period, the picture of the Pont du Gard, made the strongest impression on me. As stated above, I admire the combination of beauty and usefulness. Moreover, I am fond of the amount, position and various sizes of arches in the Pont du Gare. With regard to the Greek artistic period, there are two images that impressed me. The first image is the image of the majestic Parthenon, due to the balance and symmetry of the building itself.

Medical seizures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical seizures - Essay Example Seizures are temporary phenomena; some individuals have got repeated episodes of seizures. These repeated episodes have been given a medical name of epilepsy. Individuals with seizures may present in different ways depending upon the level of and number of neurons involved. In a number of individuals, it is just a jerky movement involving one or more limbs or other areas with conscious level maintained while in others the movements may involve whole body and individual may loose her/his consciousness. So, seizures have been classified according to the level of complexity and consciousness. When some parts of the body are involved, seizures are called as partial otherwise they are generalized. If consciousness is lost which usually occurs with generalized seizures then these are called complex, if consciousness is present, these are simple seizures. Generalized seizures may affect body in a variety of ways and they have been further divided based on the types of movements they are pro ducing: absence, myoclonic, clonic and atonic seizures. In contrast, there are some situations in which these seizures may be single, for example: trauma or head injury, high grade fever especially in children, a symptom of other diseases including tumor and reactions to some drugs. At times, a partial seizure may spread in the brain when it is called secondary generalization. A persistent state of seizures for more than 5 minutes or by other doctors for 30 minutes is called status epilepticus. It is a real emergency state, which needs urgent measures to bring the patient out of the condition (Wikipedia, Carpenter ch:125). Current Treatment Treatment is required when seizures become recurrent. If the cause of the seizure is removed then there is no need of use of epileptic drugs; this occurs in situations like febrile conditions in children or seizures due to electrolytes imbalance. Main purpose of these drugs is to stop seizures because in addition to the direct effects of seizures there are chances of more severe complications, for example accidents resulting from seizures while driving, to arise if these seizures are not treated effectively. The criteria for starting anti-epileptic drugs are: evidence of focal neurological lesion based on clinical examination, radiological findings or EEG interpretations. If seizures occur once and there are no other findings especially in adults then there is no need of epileptic drugs. These drugs have been classified and prioritised for various types of seizures: Partial - simple and complex: carbamazepin,phenytoin, valproate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate Secondary generalized: carbamazepin, phenytoin, valproate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate Primary Generalized - absence: ethosuximide, valproate, lamotrigine Primary Generalized - tonic-clonic: valproate, carbamazepin, phenytoin, lamotrigine Primary Generalized - myoclonic and tonic: valproate, clonazepam Some of the patients do not get benefits from the medical treatment. The only option left for them is surgical resection of the hyperactive area in the brain. This is a very sophisticated procedure, which requires exact location of the area of brain with abnormal hyper excitability (Carpenter ch:125). Treatment of choice for status epilepticus has been diazepam even in the presence

Family-run Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family-run Business - Case Study Example The management primary involves family members though there may be hiring of external labor on special cases or when the business has expended and the family members cannot meet the labor demand of the business. Therefore in this case the business may hire the work of other experts to assist in running the business more so in areas where it feels that it cannot raise enough labor to meet the demands of the business. For example the business may hire experts on the areas like accounting where it cannot have the expertise in the family. But generally a small family business will use the labor force from the family. (Bork 2003, p. 76) Many of the family business that had started off as small business usually grow over the years and acquire an international standard. Most of them however are usually acquired by other people or they enter into partnership with other multinational companies in order to enhance their management. Therefore at some time, in their lifeline a family business may enter into partnership or get acquired by another businesses altogether in order to enhance their growth. Family businesses do not only reflect the source of income for the family but they also represent important values for the family as well. They communicate an important message about the values and believe of the family and they also show the aspirations of the family. Therefore the way in which these businesses are managed is very important as it determines the way in which they are going to serve and continues. Therefore the management of family business is one of the most important factors in running the business. However management of family business is more complex compared to management of other business due to the fact that there are some emotional bonds that area attached to the running of the business. Therefore one of the challenge that family business faces is the way in which decisions are made as far as the involvement of all the family members is concerned. The management becomes more complicated easily when it comes to the issue of making succession in the business from one generation to the other and the way in which these successions are to be hanged and management. Shirley Plantation Shirley Plantation is one of the oldest family run businesses in the USA. Shirly Plantation first plantation was in 1613 and was recorded as one of the economic engine of the new world. This was after 6 years when the founder John Smith had settled in the town of Jamestown. After that the crown granted carving of Shirley Plantation out of virginer farmers. The business was well established between the period where the settlement in Jamestown was happening and the period between the American independences from Britain in 1776. For all that time it was under the leadership of one family and has been able to survive the Indian uprising, Bacons rebellion, the revolutionary war, The Civil Wars and the Great depression all which has been enabled by efficient management of the company and its resources and the way in which it has been adopting to the changing technology in the world. (Shirley Plantation, 2008a) The company is recorded as the oldest family owned business in North America which dates back to 1638. The construction of its present mansions began in 1724 when Elizabeth Hill who as the great grandfathers of the first

The thoughts of King Corn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The thoughts of King Corn - Essay Example The argument is supported by other biologist in the movie. These biologists cover the several issues that have been highlighted in the movie. Actually, the major challenge of obesity in the American population is control of overconsumption of beef and corn products. This challenge can be addressed effectively by researching on the impact of genetically modified corn on the health of humans and animals especially cattle (Cheney and Ellis). Overconsumption of corn in the movie and the inclusion of corn in the diet of both animals and humans are illustrated effectively using the resultant health effects of the action. Genetically modified foods are an issue of great concern for the society today due to the increasing obesity and animal deaths. The movie captures the problem effectively through the agricultural journey of the two friends. In addition, the inclusion of the different perspectives of the interviewed biologist illustrates the impact of corn agriculture in America. Consequently, the increase in obesity among the American population has been linked with the excessive consumption of corn by humans and cattle. Both the direct and indirect overconsumption of the corn is considered the main threat to positive and good

The Continuum From Legitimacy to Fraud Research Paper - 2

The Continuum From Legitimacy to Fraud - Research Paper Example The main Research methods include quantitative, mixed methods, and qualitative approaches methods. The criteria of choosing a research method depend on the decisions on questions to be answered and data type required (Stangor, 2011). A research considers various aspects like the person who will collect data, place of data collection and data the researcher seeks to collect. Other factors considered in the selection criteria are; methodology to be used and data analysis type. The method of research selected should answer the questions and be in line with the methodology (Cozby, 2009). Quantitative research involves deductive and pivots in a hypothesis that is recognized prior to the research. Qualitative research involves inductive and needs no hypothesis formulation for the research. A mixed research method comprises the use of both quantitative and qualitative method (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, & Griffin, 2010). Quantitative Research Method This research considers a general case then mov es towards a specific case. This method considers a probable cause of a problem and anticipates validating its effect. The cause and effect factor depends on the strength of variables relationship. If the variables are strongly related, the relationship of cause and effect becomes highly probable (Cozby, 2009). An example of this method is a research to evaluate the differences in use of websites carts of shopping and online consumer purchasing behavior. General Cause The general cause involves the purchasing habit of internet customers who put commodities in the shopping carts that are online. However, these shoppers do not complete several purchases. Analysing this behavior varies from the purchasing habit of online shoppers who never use shopping carts to hold commodities they never purchase. Specific Effect The specific effect comprises of internet shoppers who routinely put commodities in their online shopping carts but do not accomplish the purchase, and are 75% more probable to revisit the same websites late complete the purchase within a week. Research Finding Holding the contents in the internet-shopping cart for 10 days when a shopper goes offline, prior to finishing a purchase, is favorable business and implies a high possibility of potential purchases by that customer on the same website. Hypothesis This is a guess in a statement or a query form, which a research attempts to answer. A quantitative research has two-hypotheses. Null hypothesis (Ho) is where a researcher does not anticipate the guess to be true. In the end of the research, the researcher will scrutinize the data collected in order to either acknowledge or reject the negative hypothesis. Testing a hypothesis is the confirmation of the assumption or the hypothesis. In the alternative hypothesis, (Ha), a researcher supposes the guess is true. When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis, it implies that the alternative hypothesis might be accepted. This means likelihood that the data er ror that would make the Ha not true is reasonably minute by scientific standards. There is no absolute hypothesis testing in any quantitative research (Stangor, 2011). From the example, on the online study: Ho = Online buyer who puts commodities in the cart prior to leaving the website is more probable to revisit and complete a transaction than online buyers who do not put commodities in their cart, but also return to the website.  

Synthetic Rubber Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Synthetic Rubber - Lab Report Example During polymerization the double bonds of the isoprene monomers give way to single bonds which will lead to further increase in length of product chain. Butyl rubber-also known as polyisobutylene (C4H8)-is a synthetic rubber and is produced by polymerization of about 98% of isobutylene with about 2% of isoprene (Wikipedia, 2006) using BF3, H2O, CH2CL2 as reaction activators under -78C temperature. e.g Similarities and Differencies: In both natural and synthetic rubbers production, the monomers can be mixed in various desirable proportions to achieve a wider range of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties through the use additive. The formation of natural and synthetic rubbers are three step Free radical eliminations and substitutions reactions. Both Natural and synthetic rubber reactions require protectants against deterioration during the coagulation and drying (CIWMB). 2. In its natural form rubber is too soft to be used for any useful purposes.Natural rubbers tends to be sticky and soft at high temperatures; while at low temperatures they are brittle and stiff, making them difficult to process. This is due to a high degree of entropy. Therefore, its properties were improved using special processing techniques. During vulcanization, or curing, of rubber, individual polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by polysulphide

Blue Jeans - American Cultural Artifact Essay Example for Free

Blue Jeans American Cultural Artifact Essay Blue jeans in the last thirty years have attained such world wide popularity that they have come to be considered an American icon. However jeans have not always been held in high stead, but rather have had a troubled history including its beginnings within the working class movement, being considered unsavory by religious leaders and also seen as a rebellious statement about ‘western decadence’. According to the University of Toronto, no other garment has served as an example of status ambivalence and ambiguity than blue jeans in the history of fashion. Throughout this essay I will discuss how jeans have become such a common treasured and even expensive item crossing over class, gender, age, regional, and national lines as reflected by the many changing political views and acceptance from various social classes over the past 50 years. History of Blue Jeans According to the University of Toronto, blue jeans were originally created for the California coal miners in the mid-nineteenth century by the Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant who relocated to New York in 1847. Mr Strauss’ fate and the history of clothing changed forever when in 1872 he received an offer from Jacob Davis, a tailor from Reno Nevada. Mr. Davis, in order to improve the durability of the pants that he made for his clients, had been adding metal rivets to the highly stressed seams. The idea was successful and he wished to patent it, but due to financial constraints required a partner and hence Levi became the financial backer and partner. In 1873, the new partners received a patent for â€Å"an improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings†, and thus the history of blue jeans as we know them began. Blue jeans were originally called â€Å"waist overalls† by Levi Strauss and Co and in the 1920’s these were the most widely used worker’s pants in America. The name of these trousers changed to â€Å"jeans† in the 1960’s when Levi Strauss and Co. recognized that this was what the product was being called by the young, hip teenage boys. The history of waist overalls continues as the history of blue jeans. Jeans is now generally understood to refer to pants made out of a specific type of fabric called denim (Fashion Encyclopedia). Blue Jeans through the decades The popularity of blue jeans spread among working people, such as farmers and the ranchers of the American West. According to the Encyclopedia of Fashion, in the 1930’s jeans became so popular among cowboys that Wrangler formed just to make denim work clothing for those who rode the range. Jeans have tended to follow along in popularity with popular culture as evident with the popular Western films which found adventure and romance in the adventures of the cowboys who rode horses, shot bad guys, and wore blue jeans. Those who wished to imitate the casual, rugged look of the cowboys they saw in films began to wear jeans as casual wear (Fashion Encyclopedia). This effect is not hard to understand, as even today fashion trends are greatly influenced by what highly publicized celebrities choose to wear. During World War II blue jeans became part of the official uniform of the Navy and Coast Guard, and became even more popular when worn as off-duty leisure clothing by many other soldiers. In his book, â€Å"Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon†, James Sullivan states that the rise of the popularity of jeans after the WWII can greatly be attributed to the influence of the film and music industry, during the 1950s many young people began to wear jeans when they saw them on rebellious young American film stars such as Marlon Brando and James Dean. By 1950, Levi’s began selling nationally and other brands started emerging, such as Lee Coopers and each with its own particular fit (Sullivan 287). According to the University of Toronto, in the 1960’s and 1970’s jeans were embraced by the nonconformist hippie youth movement, and the history of blue jeans even gets linked to the downfall of communism. Behind the iron curtain, jeans became a symbol of â€Å"western decadence† and individuality and as such were highly sought. Jeans had become extremely popular, but were still mainly worn by working people or the young. In the 1980’s through to the 1990’s jeans were no longer seen as rebellious or a source of individuality, but they were transformed as the term ‘designer jeans’ was discovered. Many designers such as Jordache and Calvin Klein came on board to create expensive jeans and some jeans even reached haute couture status (Fashion Encyclopedia). In the new millennium denim is seen on designer catwalks and there are now hundreds of styles, types and labels available and of various price ranges. Changing Popularity According to Peter Beagle in his book â€Å"American Denim: A New Folk Art†, the popularity of jeans can be attributed to the fact that jeans can be seen to embrace the American democratic values of independence, freedom and equality. Some Americans even consider jeans to be the national uniform. Blue jeans have evolved from a garment associated exclusively with hard work to one associated with leisure. What began as work clothes has transformed into one of the hottest items available on the consumer market today. What was once apparel associated with low culture has undergone a reversal in status. Blue jeans were the first to accomplish a rather revolutionary cultural achievement bringing upper class status to a lower class garment. Conclusion At one point or another throughout history, blue jeans have been the uniform of many groups and are considered the one garment of clothing that has remained hip for over a century and has survived everything from World War II to the eighties. For half a century blue jeans have helped define every youth movement, and every effort of older generations to deny the passing of youth. Fifty years ago America invented the concept of teenager, and it is probably no coincidence that the enduring character of blue jeans, claiming independence and the right to self-expression, can be traced to the same time. Jeans were once seen as clothing for minority groups such as workers, hippies or rebellious youth, but are now embraced by the dominant American culture as a whole.

The United States and World War I

The United States and World War I Mohammad Mian On April 6th, 1917, the United States of America entered the First World War in support of the Allied powers, most notable of whom were Russia, Britain, and France.[1] Americas declaration of war on the Central Powers, led by Germany and Austria-Hungary, was largely due to the indiscriminate targeting of Americas passenger and merchant vessels by German submarines.[2] In early 1917, British intelligence notified the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, of an intercepted German telegram which encouraged Mexico to invade the United States.[3] The intercepted telegram convinced Wilson of the threat posed to the United States by Germany, and he declared war on Germany in April 1917.[4] After the United States entrance into the First World War, various American news organizations published articles in support of the war effort, often stressing the nations vital role in any foreseeable allied military and naval offensives. One such news organization was The New York Times. On December 31st, 1917, the New York Times published Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid, which was authored by Charles H. Grasty. Grastys article stressed the importance of the United States to any future successful Allied operations against Germany on the Western front.[5] Furthermore, Grasty contended that a positive outcome for the Allies in the war could only to be achieved once the American navy defeated German submarines in the Atlantic.[6] Thus, he argued in favour of Americas role in the war, as he considered any future Allied success to be dependent on the might of the United States army and navy.[7] Consequently, Grastys publication reflected the predominant view among Americas leading politicians in 1917 and 1918 that the First World War was a conflict to which the United States leadership on the Western front and in the Atlantic was vital.[8] His ability to precisely identify and address the major weaknesses of the Allies, as well as the use of subheadings to effectively organize his thoughts and ideas, were the strengths of the article. However, a bias in favour of the United States leadership in the war, and an inability to contextualize the military situation of the Allies at the beginning of 1918, were the primary shortcomings of Grastys article. Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid reflected the predominant view among American politicians in 1917 and 1918 that Allied victory in the First World War would solely depend on the decisiveness of the United States military and naval leadership in the war. In the article, Grasty stated A year ago Europe was bitter against President Wilson for utterance then wrongly construed as friendly to Germany. Today Europe looks to him for leadership and even now awaits word from Washington as to whether and how to proceed towards unity of control.[9] He stressed the importance of Americas leadership to the Allied war effort, as the European belligerents were now turning to the United States for advice and guidance.[10] Similarly, he argued Every calculation includes America as the chief factor. Unless there should come peace by negotiation, Americas military resources in men, material, money and moral support will settle the war if it is to be settled by whipping Germany.[11] This particular pas sage reflected Grastys view that an Allied victory in the war could only be achieved with American leadership, as he considered the United States military and economy to be the factor which would lead to a decisive end to the war in favour of the Allies.[12] Thus, the article reflected the belief that the Uniteds states had a vital role to play in the First World War, which prevailed among many of Americas leading politicians, most notable of whom was former President Theodore Roosevelt.[13] The confidence in Americas wartime leadership displayed by Grasty allowed him to precisely identify the weaknesses of the Allies in the First World War throughout his article. Grastys discussion of the Allies weaknesses was a strength of his article, as doing so lent credibility to his claim that the Americas participation in the war would turn the tide in favour of the allies. Accord to Grasty, two of the major weaknesses of the Allied powers were their inability to counter the German submarine threat, as well as their inability to quell internal dissension in Russia.[14] The German submarines, known as U-Boats, attacked and destroyed Allied vessels.[15] Regarding the veracity of German submarine warfare, Grasty stated The Prime Minister having definitely and wisely abandoned his over-optimistic policy, the public is beginning to realize how deadly serious is the submarine situationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It can not be stated often or too emphatically that the war depends primarily on the success or failure of the submarine operation, and that what has already been accomplished against the U-Boat [By the U.S.] is important chiefly for what it promises in future accomplishment.[16] In this passage, Grasty referred to the failure of the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George, to realize the seriousness of the German submarine attacks on allied shipping.[17] He went on to stress the importance of the United States to the submarine operations and war effort. By addressing the failure of the European Allies to counter the German submarine threat, Grasty was attempting to portray them as being incapable of winning the without the United States. Another weakness of the allies touched upon by Grasty was the internal dissension within Russia. Although Grasty did not mention the Russian Revolution, his article implied that Russia was engulfed in great turmoil Allied Europe closes the books and balances its year by a net loss on the operating side and a net gain in assets by so much as America is better than Russia as a fighting allyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The Allies knew a year ago was a huge mine, with the fuse lighted to blow them up, but nobody flew to the rescue with man-fashion strenuousityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Perhaps the Allies will drift again as they did about Russia.[18] Ultimately, he was right about Russia, as the Communist revolution in 1917 led to the nations departure from the war and surrender with signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.[19] By downplaying Russias importance to the Allies, Grasty sought to portray the United States as a nation which would change the Allies fortunes in the war. Aside from discussing the weaknesses of the Allies in his article, Grastys effective use of subheadings to organize his thoughts and ideas was another strength of his article. Grastys use of subheadings in his article effectively organized his thoughts and ideas. The four subheadings used by Grasty were Two Vital Questions, Shipping Squeeze to Be Severe, The Western Front, and Alls Looking to America.[20] Under each of these subheadings, Grasty discussed a different subject. Under Two Vital Questions for example, Grasty discussed the major issues facing the Allies, such as the internal dissension in Russia and the threat posed by the Submarines to the Allied war effort.[21] He then went on to discuss the impact of German submarine attacks on Allied shipping under Shipping Squeeze to Be Severe.[22] Finally, he discussed the situation on the Western front under The Western Front, and concluded by mentioning the importance of American leadership to the Allies under Alls Looking to America.[23] Grastys use of subheadings allowed readers to gain a thorough understanding of the document, as his ideas were well organized. Despite the excellent organization, the a rticle was biased in favour of American leadership during the war, and it lacked adequate historical context. Throughout his article, Grasty was biased in favour of Americas leadership in the First World War. He often downplayed the Allied command by placing an emphasis on their mistakes, such as Lloyd Georges failure to deal with the threat of German submarine warfare.[24] At the conclusion of the article, he stated America is looked to deal with every large phase of preparation with the same far-seeing and whole seeing that had just been shown in taking over the railroads-an action applauded in every quarter here as showing President Wilsons firm and enlightened will to win. And, finally, America is expected to profit by her own and the Allied blundering.[25] Grastys conclusion was evidence of his bias in favour of Americas leadership as he considered America to be in charge of Allied preparations, all the while the remaining Allies were blunderers. Another weakness of Grastys article was his failure to contextualize historical information. Grasty failed to provide a historical context for some of the events discussed in his article. The most notable event which he failed to contextualize was the Russian Revolution. Although Grasty referred to Russia as a huge mine, with the fuse lighted to blow them up, he did not elaborate on the events which engulfed the nation.[26] Had Grasty discussed a few notable details of the Russian Revolution, his article would have had more historical substance. Another historical detail which Gratsy failed to contextualize was the submarine warfare of the Germans. While he did discuss the German submarine operations, Gratsy failed to mention why and how they were destructive to the Allied war effort. Furthermore, he also did not mention any statistics regarding the amount of Allied ships lost to the German submarines. Overall, the lack of historical contextualization decreased the quality of Grastys article. Charles H. Grastys Allies Rely on Us for Decisive Aid expressed the dominating political opinion in the United States during the final two years of the First World War that American leadership would propel the Allies to victory. Both the mention of Allied weaknesses and the use of subheadings to thoroughly organize his ideas were the strengths of his article. Unfortunately, the article was hindered by Grastys bias in favour of American leadership during the First World War and his inability to adequately contextualize relevant historical events. Bibliography Primary Source Grasty, Charles H. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid. The New York Times (London), January 31, 1917. Accessed January 1, 2017. Secondary Source Wilmott, Hedley Paul. World War I. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2009. [1] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I. (London: Dorling Kindersley, 2009), 196, 199. [2] Ibid, 200. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid, 196. [5] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, January 31, 1917, 1, 3. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., 1. [10] Ibid, 1. [11] Ibid, 3. [12] Ibid. [13] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I., 198. [14] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1. [15] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I, 183, 197, 198, 200. [16] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Hedley Paul Wilmott. World War I, 250, 251. [20] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., The New York Times, 1, 3. [21] Ibid, 1. [22] Ibid, 1, 3. [23] Ibid, 3. [24] Ibid, 1. [25] Ibid, 3. [26] Charles H. Grasty. Allies Rely On Us For Decisve Aid., 1.

Elections :: essays research papers

2000 election The two main candidates for the election of 2000 are George W. Bush and Al Gore. Al Gore, of course, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the whole politics game. But, know that I am 18 years old I feel I should start paying more attention to political issues. I don't know if I am going to vote this year, and if I did I don't know who I would vote for. I really don't know much about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we all know how most people feel about Clinton. In order for me to make a judgment on who I am going to vote for I would like to know where each canditate satnds on different political issues. Some of the issues I will be covering are abortion, crime, drugs, education, environment, and gun control. These are the issues I am most interested in, and I would like a president who agrees with me on a good portion of these issues. To start off, I am going to state where I stand on each of the isssues. I then will sat e where each presidential canditate stands on each issue. The first topic I would like to discuss is abortion. Abortion is kind of a big thing to me. I am one of those who is against abortion. I feel abortion is kind of like murder. I know it is easy for me to say that abortion is wrong, because I have never gotten a girl pregnant before. I understand that some tees make mistakes and want to correct those mistakes. But, I feel more people should stand up for their mistakes and take some action. Instead of having the baby aborted, the parents should put the child up for adoption. What if that kid was going to come up with a cure for cancer? I bet the parents would not want o abort the child then. Abortion is one area I agree with Bush. Bush wants to cut down the amount of abortions given out the whole year. Bush also wants to turn the choice of having abortions over to the state. Gore, on the other hand, wants to leave the choice in the woman's hand. He feels it is up to her to decid e whether or not to have an abortion.

Business Plan for Progressive Consulting Essay example -- GCSE Busines

Business Plan for Progressive Consulting 1. 0 Executive Summary Progressive Consulting will be formed as a consulting company specializing in marketing of high technology products in international markets. Its founders are former marketers of consulting services, personal computers, and market research, all in international markets. They are founding Progressive Consulting to formalize the consulting services they offer. 1. 2 Mission Progressive Consulting offers high-tech manufacturers a reliable, high quality alternative to in-house resources for business development, market development, and channel development on an international scale. A true alternative to in house resources offers a very high level of practical experience; know how, contacts, and confidentiality. Clients must know that working with Progressive Consulting is a more professional, less risky way to develop new areas even than working completely in house with their own people. Progressive Consulting must also be able to maintain financial balance, charging a high value for its services, and delivering an even higher value to its clients. Initial focus will be development in the European and Latin American markets, or for European clients in the United States market. 1. 3 Keys to Success Excellence in fulfilling the promise completely confidential, reliable, trustworthy expertise and information. Developing visibility to generate new business leads. Leveraging from a single pool of expertise into multiple revenue generation opportunities: retainer consulting, project consulting, market research, and market research published reports. 2. 0 Company Summary Progressive Consulting is a new company providing high-level expertise in international high-tech business development, channel development, distribution strategies, and marketing of high tech products. It will focus initially on providing two kinds of international triangles: Providing United States clients with development for European and Latin American markets. Providing European clients with development for the United States and Latin American markets. As it grows it will take on people and consulting work in related markets, such as the rest of Latin America, and the Far East, and similar markets. As it grows it will look for additi... ... 1995 1996 1997 ____________________________________________________________________ Gross margin 72.97% 85.81% 84.90% Net profit margin 4.57% 11.25% 14.92% Return on Assets 12.38% 20.64% 25.49% Return on Equity 50.05% 61.73% 51.37% Activity Ratios: AR Turnover 6.30 7.77 6.66 Collection days 29 45 45 Inventory Turnover 0.00 0.00 0.00 Accts payable turnover 7.67 7.06 7.35 Total asset turnover 2.71 1.83 1.71 Debt Ratios: 1995 1996 1997 ____________________________________________________________________ Debt to net Worth 3.04 1.99 1.02 Short-term Debt to Liab. 0.70 0.82 0.83 Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio 1.91 1.83 2.39 Quick Ratio 1.91 1.83 2.39 Net Working Capital $104,050 $191,250 $340,450 Interest Coverage 4.15 5.90 9.38

Essay --

Anti-Social Personality Disorder is a classified personality disorder in which a person, sometimes referred to as a â€Å"psychopath†, has a lack of empathy, an increased chance of acting violently towards others, and a complete disregard for authority and punishment. Prevalent features and symptoms include: shallow emotions, irresponsibility, mistrust of others, reckless thrill-seeking, disrespect for the law, prone to lash out with physical violence, harmful impulsiveness, arrogance, manipulative, greedy, lack of kindness or compassion, disrespect for others, and dishonesty (Psychology Today, n.d.). A main factor of this disorder is the inability to process, interpret, and display emotion, even fear. An example is that most criminals with this disorder respond drastically different to their sentencing than normal. They seem relaxed and unable to process it on an emotional level. They are also fully aware of what they are doing, and have no sense of distorted reality, or rem orse which classifies them as sane people. They also have neurotransmitter deficiencies in the brain, such as reduced serotonin and dopamine (Freedman & Verdun-Jones, 2010). The overall population of people having this disorder is a small amount, about 3% and higher in prisons and abuse clinics which is around 70%. Also, because of their constant involvement in violence, most people diagnosed with this disorder die by violent means such as suicide and homicide (Internet Mental Health, n.d.). People with Anti-Social Personality Disorder have also been found to have an impaired learning condition, notably a term called Response Reversal. This is defined as a change of behavior following a reversal of a previously established relationship between events and their re... ...mental disorder is not the same as a definition of that mental disorder, and even though PPD indeed synonymous with antisocial personality disorder, they are different terms for the same disorder (Hart & Cook, 2012). Another argument is that PPD could be caused by a combination of different personality disorders, and not just one, as well as many environmental patterns, not just genetic (Association for Psychological Science, n.d.). In conclusion, Anti-Social Personality disorder has immense effects on people concerning empathy, violence, and even learning. It is also a very resistant disorder to treat. However, much needs to be learned about this disorder in order to help patients live normal lives, and can even be useful in establishing a treatment context for addressing conditions such as substance abuse, impulsive aggression, and schizophrenia ( Pajerla, 2007).

Leaves of Grass

Walt Whitman was born in 1819 and died in 1892. He has been proclaimed as one of the greatest American poets to ever live. His work has been considered both enlightened and controversial. His work has been well received all over the world and translated into over twenty-five languages. He wrote of American life, including the very dark period of American history, the Civil War or also referred to as the War Between the States. His book of poems, Leaves of Grass, which he self published has become a classic especially in reference to the Civil War. â€Å"Aroused and angry, I thought to beat the alarum, and urge relentless war; But soon my fingers fail’d me, my face droop’d, and I resign’d myself, To sit by the wounded and soothe them, or silently watch the dead.† (Whitman 110) The above quote is the first lines of the poem, Drum Taps by Walt Whitman. It is but many of the poems of Leaves of Grass that Whitman wrote as he agonized over the war as it was written during the beginning of the war. It is hard to always look upon Civil War literature as only that which follows the years after the war ceased. Whitman was an essayist and a journalist as well as a poet. He wrote of the things he saw not only in his hometown but also in what he observed as he followed the war through travels and reading. A conflict of great sadness, the deepest tragedy of the Civil War was the country been torn in two by the differing of opinions of both sides but the war was among Americans, Americans fighting Americans. â€Å"Central to this task is his revaluation of the print medium, which he previously viewed as a barrier between himself and his readers, but which he now figures, in â€Å"As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life,† as deconstructing his culture's boundary-oriented notion of embodiment. Whitman does not unequivocally embrace this new model of fluidity, however. Instead, he balances fluidity and difference to illustrate for the reader both â€Å"[t]he desire to lose and the fear of losing the boundary lines in force around . . . sexual definition† (156). The 1867 Leaves of Grass, which incorporates the Civil War volume Drum-Taps ( 1865), extends Whitman's critique of the oedipal system to its patriarchal foundation.† (Maslan 131) It had been suggested that Whitman had fallen into decline after 1865 as if the views of the war and the internal strife of his country seemed to cripple him as a poet. Through all the horror and sadness that he had seen and experienced as if he could not rally himself to write with the same fervor that he did before the war and during it, but it had been such a dramatic experience for anyone at first hand that it is no wonder that his poetic inspiration would have dimmed and waned. â€Å"TO thee, old Cause! Thou peerless, passionate, good cause! Thou stern, remorseless, sweet Idea! Deathless throughout the ages, races, lands! After a strange, sad war—great war for thee, (I think all war through time was really fought, and ever will be really fought, for thee;) These chants for thee—the eternal march of thee.†(Whitman 93) The Leaves of Grass incorporates such a magnitude of emotion and observation that to read each separate poem will leave the reader with the feeling of viewing it themselves but critics have retained that Whitman wrote more to himself, as if in a separate conversation with himself that he seems to be almost uncaring of the way it expresses itself to anyone else. â€Å"'70 in paper 5 in cloth . . .' appears to be a reference to copies of the first edition of Leaves of Grass which was issued in various forms. See Charles E. Feinberg, â€Å"‘Notes on Whitman Collections and Collectors,'† Walt Whitman: A Catalog. The Library of Congress ( Washington, D.C., 1955), pp. xi-xii. Whitman probably noted the sailors' monument in the Brooklyn Cemetery of the Evergreens at the interment of his father who had died 11 July 1855. ‘I see the highlands of Abyssinia' appears in line 14, section 7 of ‘Salut au Monde,' inc. ed., p. 119†. (Whitman 41) A poetic journal; observations in poetic dialogue, as he observes those around him and what the impact of the war has had upon them so that the Leaves of Grass is filled with views of Manhattan and how that part of New York dealt with the northern activity in the war against the south. Whitman was not the only American writer to be disturbed by the post Civil War period as many of them wrote of a country so vastly changed and so still almost in shock of what had happened to it. Whitman was a Northerner but the Southern writers such as Samuel Clemens (aka Mark Twain). â€Å"This deeply pessimistic, critical view of post-Civil War America was, of course, shared by Mark Twain ( The Gilded Age) and Henry Adams ( Democracy). The moralizing fervor of the passage above seems to echo Thomas Nast's scathing Tweed Ring cartoons, which were appearing in Harper's Weekly at the very time that Whitman was composing Democratic Vistas.† (Abrams 8) Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass has seen many different publishing editions since its first conception in 1867. It has been analyzed and critiqued and praised as one of the great volumes of American poetry. It brings to vivid life for the readers one of the saddest periods of American history, the Civil War and the struggling years that followed that war as a country healed and its people recovered. Works Cited Abrams, Sam, ed. The Neglected Walt Whitman: Vital Texts. 1st ed. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1993 Maslan, Mark. â€Å"Whitman and his Doubles: Division and Union in Leaves of Grass and Its Critics.† American Literary History 6.1 (1994): 119-139 Thomson, James, and Bertram Dobell. Walt Whitman, the Man and the Poet. London: The Editor, 1910. Whitman, Walt. An 1855-56 Notebook toward the Second Edition of Leaves of Grass. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1959 Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. New York: Modern Library, 1921